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Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemenid Persian

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Page 17 / 18

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-Sumerian

ETCSRI

Ur-Namma 10

(1) Ur-Namma, king of Urim, who built the temple of Enki in Eridug.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Ur-Namma 13

(1) For Ningal, his lady, Ur-Namma, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of Sumer and Akkad, built her Ĝipar-kug.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Ur-Namma 14

(1) For Ninegala, his lady, Ur-Namma, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of Sumer and Akkad, built her temple.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Ur-Namma 16

(1) For Inana, lady of Kugnun, his lady, Ur-Namma, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of Sumer and Akkad, built the Ešbur, her beloved temple.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Ur-Namma 19

(i 1) For Nanna, the first-born son of Enlil, Ur-Namma, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of Sumer and Akkad, drained a swamp planted with date palms seedlings, a genuine swamp, with an area of 3600 bur, and created a levee for it in the length of 4 dana 260 nindan. He donated (the drained swamp) to Urim for ever. (ii 7) The name of this levee is “Who is like Nanna?”.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Ur-Namma 21, ex. 1

(i 1) When An and Enlil looked with their gracious face at Nanna and gave him the kingship of Urim, then Ur-Namma, king of Urim, king of Sumer and Akkad, the beloved house-born slave of Nanna, the follower of Enlil's orders, confirmed the borders (separating) the gods by the just decision of Utu. He assigned subsistance fields to their people and marked their borders firmly.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Ur-Namma 23

(1) For Ninsumun, his personal god, Ur-Namma, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of Sumer and Akkad, built the E-mah, his beloved temple.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Ur-Namma 25

(1) For Enlil, king of all lands, his master, Ur-Namma, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of Sumer and Akkad, built the E-kur, his beloved temple.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Ur-Namma 27

(1) For Inana, lady of the E-ana, his lady, Ur-Namma, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of Sumer and Akkad, dug the Iturungal canal, her beloved canal.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Ur-Namma 28

(i 1) When Ur-Namma, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of Sumer and Akkad, built the temple of Enlil, then for Nanna, the firstborn child of Enlil, his master, he dug the canal whose name is "Nanna is the canal inspector", a boundary canal, extending it into the sea. By the just decision of Utu, he examined (the canal’s course) and approved it. (ii 1) If anyone contest Nanna over (the canal), may he be king or a ruler, he should be treated as if he were cursed by Nanna! May he lose status in the dwelling of Nanna! May his city expel him from under the reed canopy! May his life be miserable!

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Ur-Namma 31

(1) For Enki, his master, Ur-Namma, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of Sumer and Akkad, built his temple.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Ur-Namma 32

(1) For Enki, the heavenly stormwind, his master, Ur-Namma, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of Sumer and Akkad, built his temple.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Ur-Namma 34

(1) For Inana, lady of the E-ana, his lady, Ur-Namma, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of Sumer and Akkad, built and restored her temple.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Ur-Namma 37

(1) For Ninlil, his lady, Ur-Namma, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of Sumer and Akkad, built her beloved storehouse.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Ur-Namma 38

(1) For Enlil, king of all lands, his master, Ur-Namma, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of Sumer and Akkad, built the wall of Nibru.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Ur-Namma 41

(1) For Nanna, his master, Ur-Namma, ....

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Ur-Namma 43

(1) To Ningal, his lady, Ur-Namma, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of Sumer and Akkad, dedicated this (plaque) for his well-being.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Ur-Namma 44

(1) For Šara, his master, Ur-Namma, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of Sumer and Akkad, ....

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Ur-Namma 45

(1) To Nanna, his master, Ur-Namma, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of Sumer and Akkad, dedicated this (mace) for his well-being.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Ur-Namma 46

(1) To Nin-gublaga, his master, Ur-Namma, the powerful man, lord of Unug, king of Urim, king of Sumer and Akkad, dedicated this (mace) for his well-being.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Ur-Namma 48

(1') ..., Ur-Namma, the powerful man, king of Urim, ....

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Ur-Namma 50

(1) Ur-Namma, the powerful man, king of Urim.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Ur-Namma 51

(1) Watartum, the spouse of Ur-Namma, king of Urim: Lugal-kugzu, the captain, is your servant.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Ur-Namma 52

(1') ..., her lady, Tarām-Urim, daughter of Apil-kīn, king of Mari, daughter-in-law of Ur-Namma, king of Urim, ....

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Ur-Namma 55add (formerly Unattributed Ur III 1019-1021)

(1') To ..., when he conquered Susa and turned it into his booty, Ur-Namma, king of Urim, dedicated (this vase) for his well-being.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Ur-Namma 56add (formerly Unattributed Ur III 1022)

(1') ... by the ... of Nanna ..., when he šonquered Susa and turned it into his booty, ....

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Enlil-bani 02

Attests Enlil-bani's construction of Isin's great city wall ca. 1925 BCE, with its dedicatory name preserving the ideological formula that equated a king's name with the physical permanence of urban fortification.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Enlil-bani 03

Attests Enlil-bani's rebuilding of Isin's city wall c. 1925 BCE, anchoring both his public works programme and his claim to divine legitimacy through Inana's spousal election and Enlil's favour.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Enlil-bani 04

Enlil-bani of Isin (r. c. 1860–1837 BCE) records his construction of the E-urĝira temple for Ninisina, anchoring his legitimacy in the goddess's patronage of Isin and his priestly role at Uruk.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Enlil-bani 07

Attests Enlil-bani's construction of the E-dimgal-ana temple for the goddess Sud at Isin, anchoring his reign (~1860–1837 BCE) within the Sumerian tradition of legitimating kingship through divine patronage.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Enlil-bani 09

Enlil-bani of Isin claims to have 'established justice in Sumer and Akkad' — the same reforming formula later codified by Hammurabi — linking his reign to a tradition of royal law-giving a century before Babylon's famous code.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Išme-Dagan 01

Royal self-presentation of Išme-Dagan I of Isin, accumulating cultic titles across Nippur, Ur, Eridu, and Uruk to legitimise rule over a fragmented post-Ur III landscape.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Išme-Dagan 02

Royal titulary of Išme-Dagan I of Isin, attesting his claim to en-priesthood of Uruk and spousal relationship with Inana — ideological strategies by which Isin kings legitimised succession to the fallen Ur III empire.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Išme-Dagan 03

Names En-ana-tuma as both zirru and en priestess of Nanna at Ur, documenting the rare overlap of two distinct priestly offices in a single woman under Išme-Dagan's reign.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Išme-Dagan 04

Identifies En-ana-tuma as both en priestess of Nanna at Ur and daughter of Išme-Dagan, directly linking royal Isin dynastic authority to the prestigious lunar-cult office at its traditional Ur III heartland.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Išme-Dagan 05

Records Išme-Dagan of Isin's grant of tax exemption and military-service immunity to Nippur — a concrete example of how early second-millennium kings purchased Enlil's divine favor through civic privilege.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Išme-Dagan 07

Records Išme-Dagan of Isin legitimising his reign through Enlil's divine appointment of Ninurta as his patron — a ritual weapon dedication that translates theological sanction into political authority.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Išme-Dagan 2001

Dedicatory bowl inscription naming Išme-Dagan as king of Ur: one of the surviving attestations anchoring his reign within the Isin dynasty's claim to Sumerian royal legitimacy.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Lipit-Eštar 01

Lipit-Eštar's self-presentation as 'humble shepherd' who 'established justice' in Sumer and Akkad — predating Hammurabi by roughly 150 years — anchors the ideological lineage of Mesopotamian law-giving kingship.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Lipit-Eštar 02

Lipit-Eštar frames the building of his palace as an act of justice for Sumer and Akkad — linking royal construction ideology to the legal reforms that precede Hammurabi by roughly 150 years.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Lipit-Eštar 04

Lipit-Eštar names himself 'humble shepherd of Nibru' and 'favourite of Inana' while linking his law-giving directly to temple construction — evidence that Isin kings framed legal reform as a divine mandate, not a civic one.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Lipit-Eštar 09add

Lipit-Eštar frames canal construction as an act of justice — yoking hydraulic infrastructure to royal ideology a generation before his more famous law code.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Ur-Ninurta 1

Royal titulary of Ur-Ninurta of Isin (~1923–1896 BCE) accumulates priestly and pastoral epithets across Nippur, Ur, Eridu, and Uruk, mapping the ideological geography of a dynasty competing to reunify Sumer after Ur III's collapse.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Bur-Sin 1

(1) Bur-Suen, the shepherd who makes Nibru utterly content, the powerful farmer of Urim, the restorer of Eridug’s divine design, the en priest suitable for the divine powers of Unug, king of Isin, king of Sumer and Akkad, the spouse who befits Inana's holy lap.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Bur-Sin 2006 / CDLI Seals 002155 (CDLI Seals 002155 (physical))

(1) Ilum-ahu, ..., is the servant of Bur-Suen.

Writing & Literature

~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Damiq-ilišu 2001

(1) To Nergal of Apiak, the respected lord, the powerful lion, his master, Warad-Nanna, the royal scribe, child of Piqqum, his servant, dedicated this (lion statue) for the well being Damiq-ilišu, king of Sumer and Akkad.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Enlil-bani 01

(1) Enlil-bani, the shepherd, who makes everything abundant for Nibru, the farmer of Urim’s plentiful barley, who purifies all divine powers of Eridug, the favourite en-priest of Unug, king of Isin, king of Sumer and Akkad, the spouse chosen in the heart by Inana.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Enlil-bani 05

(1) For Ninibgal, the compassionate lady, who loves votive offerings, who listens to prayers and supplications, her shining mother, Enlil-bani, the shepherd, who makes everything abundant for Nibru, the farmer of Urim’s plentiful barley, who purifies all divine powers of Eridug, the beloved en-priest of Unug, the powerful king, king of Isin, king of Sumer and Akkad, the spouse choosen in the heart by Inana, built her beloved temple.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Enlil-bani 06

(1) For Nintinuga, lady of the living and the dead, his lady, Enlil-bani, the powerful king, king of Isin, king of Sumer and Akkad, the beloved of Enlil and Ninisina, built the E-nidubu, his beloved temple.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Enlil-bani 08

(1) For Enlil, king of all lands, his master, Enlil-bani, the powerful king, king of Isin, king of Sumer and Akkad, the beloved of Enlil and Ninisina, ....

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth