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A curated narrative reconstruction of humanity's first great civilization, sourced from the tablets themselves. Open scholarship, beautifully accessible.

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Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemenid Persian

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Editorial Sumerian literature Sumerian royal Assyrian royal Assyrian archives

Showing all 102,257 tablets.

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Page 1 / 2046

~3500 BCE·Uruk Period

Editorial

Kish Tablet

Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.

Writing & Literature

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

ATU 5, pl. 013, W 6710,a

13 ZATU678, male workers (ERIM~a) 10 ZATU678, ZATU765 5 ZATU718(?) 5 women (SAL) 5 PAP~a [elders/supervisors?] 10 copper (URUDU~a?) [Total:] 4(N14) 8(N01) [= 48]

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

ATU 5, pl. 071, W 9579,cc

2 cows — [of type] NUN~a, ZATU639, LAM~b — herald(?) / official(?), ox 1 cow — [of type] X, [disbursed?] [...] 1 cow — [of type] SZE~b — Uruk 4 cows — [type] GU4, ZATU639 — Uruk

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

ATU 5, pl. 077, W 9579,dv

2(N34) 2(N01) , NUN~b 1(N34) 2(N14) , [small cattle — female goat] 4(N14) [9(N01)] [...] , [...] [male castrated sheep] 4(N14) 1(N01) , NIR~b UKKIN~a UTUA~b 7(N34) 3(N14) 8(N01) , [sheep/small cattle] — disbursed

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

ATU 5, pl. 089, W 9656,ab

1(N01)[?] , [large capacity unit].BAD~a 1(N01) , [sign ZATU689] [...] , ZAG~b[?] [...] 1(N01) , [sign ZATU693] UKKIN~a 1(N01) , AK~a 1(N01)[?] [...] , [...] [...] 9(N01)[?] , [...] fish NUN~b

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

ATU 7, pl. 018, W 19416,a

20 [units], MA, ZATU735~b 20 [units], GU, fine wool(?), apple/orchard-fruit 2 [units], DIN, [vessel with sign |GAN~c×LAGAB~b|] 2 [units], [vessel with sign |GAN~c×X|] 10# [units], GAN~b [...], GI, |SAR~a×ŠE~a|, DA~a [...], DIN 7# [units], MA 2 [units] (higher order), apple/orchard-fruit 20 [units], MA#, ZATU735~b [...], |SAR~a×ŠE~a|#, A#, [...]

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 3009

20 [units], DIN-plant/herb 34 [units], ZATU842-commodity, EN (lord/high-official) 20 [units], UNUG (Uruk) [blank / total line?] 20 [units], SAG (head/chief?), IB 32 [units], ERIN (workers/troops) 30 [units], NUNUZ (eggs/seed?) 2(N34) 36 [units], KISZ, GAL (great), SANGA (administrator/priest), EN (lord/high-official) [...]

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 3010

1 [unit] — woman (SAL) 6 [units] — stomach/interior (ŠA3) 2 [units] — [type of] bread/food ration (|NINDA2×X|) 1 [unit] — mountain / [commodity with] |U4×1(N57)| (KUR |U4×1(N57)|) 9 [units] — [damaged; commodity/sign uncertain] (X X) 1 [unit] — [released/processed commodity?] (|DU8×HI|?) 1 N14 [large unit] — [institution or household?] KIŠ HI E2 NUN GIR A

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 3160

5 units — PAP~a, UZ 1 large unit — SI, NAGA, [house/institution?] 4 units — SZUBUR 3 units — EZEM~c (festival?) 7 units — PA~a 40 + 2 units — BARA2~a (dais/throne-platform) 60 units — barley (ŠE), disbursement, ERIN (workers/troops)

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 3171

5 sheep, processed/fashioned [type] 5 [animals/units], HAL, male 5 [units], SZUR2~c [damaged sign] 4 [units], [sign uncertain] 3 (large measure N14), [compound sign: LAGAB enclosing HI+N04] 4 [units], [sign ZATU753] 6 [units], goats (MASZ2) 3 [units], BIR-quality cows 4 [units], [compound sign GA2-type vessel/container] 5 [units], PA~a [sign uncertain: ZATU659?] 3 [units], DA~a [number lost], SZUR2~c [number lost], settlement/city (URU~a1) — 8 [large units N57]

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 4485

1 [unit]: large vessel (GAL~a), delivery/receipt (SZU2), 3 [units N57] 1 [unit]: ear (GESZTU~b), aromatic/resin (SZIM~a), hand/delivery (SZU) 1 [unit]: [commodity SI4~a] 1 [unit]: field? (GAN2?), [compound sign |UR3~b1xMASZ|] 1 [unit]: thorn/horn (SI), grinder/container (UR3~b1) 1 [unit]: [sign ZATU844], calf/young animal (AMAR) [X units]: [broken — signs illegible] [...]

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

AoF 30, 238,1

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — AoF 30, 238,1. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 003, W 6108

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 003, W 6108. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 010, W 6611

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 010, W 6611. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 014, W 6738,a

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 014, W 6738,a. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 014, W 6738,b

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 014, W 6738,b. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 015, W 6748,b

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 015, W 6748,b. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 035, W 9123,b

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 035, W 9123,b. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 037, W 9123,w

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 037, W 9123,w. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 038, W 9123,ac

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 038, W 9123,ac. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 046, W 9206,c

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 046, W 9206,c. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 046, W 9206,e

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 046, W 9206,e. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 046, W 9206,g

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 046, W 9206,g. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 051, W 9312,f

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 051, W 9312,f. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 052, W 9312,l

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 052, W 9312,l. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 053, W 9335,a

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 053, W 9335,a. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 053, W 9335,d

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 053, W 9335,d. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 053, W 9335,e

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 053, W 9335,e. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 054, W 9335,i

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 054, W 9335,i. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 061, W 9578,q

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 061, W 9578,q. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 061, W 9579,a

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 061, W 9579,a. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 061, W 9579,c

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 061, W 9579,c. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 062, W 9579,f

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 062, W 9579,f. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 062, W 9579,g

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 062, W 9579,g. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 062, W 9579,h

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 062, W 9579,h. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 062, W 9579,i

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 062, W 9579,i. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 062, W 9579,l

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 062, W 9579,l. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 063, W 9579,m

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 063, W 9579,m. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 063, W 9579,n

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 063, W 9579,n. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 063, W 9579,o

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 063, W 9579,o. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 063, W 9579,p

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 063, W 9579,p. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 063, W 9579,q

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 063, W 9579,q. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 065, W 9579,y

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 065, W 9579,y. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 066, W 9579,ac

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 066, W 9579,ac. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 066, W 9579,ad

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 066, W 9579,ad. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 066, W 9579,af

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 066, W 9579,af. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 066, W 9579,ai

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 066, W 9579,ai. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 066, W 9579,al

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 066, W 9579,al. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 067, W 9579,ao

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 067, W 9579,ao. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 067, W 9579,ap

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 067, W 9579,ap. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

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