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~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Ur-Bau 09

(1') ... Ur-Bau, ruler of Lagaš, ... this (vessel) for his well-being ....

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Ur-Bau 11

(i 1) To Bau, the child of An, Ur-Enlila, the ..., dedicated this (bowl) for the well-being of Ur-Bau, ruler of Lagaš, and for the well-being of his own spouse and child.

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Ur-Bau 12

Attests the title 'spouse of Nanna' for an en priestess of Lagaš under Ur-Bau, anchoring the sacred marriage institution in the Akkadian period a generation before the Ur III florescence.

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Ur-Bau 13

Dedicatory inscription naming En-Ane-pada, en-priestess of Nanna and daughter of Ur-Bau of Lagaš: direct epigraphic evidence linking the ruling dynasty to the moon-god's cult in the generation before Gudea.

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Ur-GAR 1

(1) To Šul-šagana, the beloved child of Ninĝirsu, her master, Ninkagina, the child of Kakug, (Ur-ĝar's) spouse, ... this (mace) for the well-being of Ur-ĝar, ruler of Lagaš ....

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Ur-GAR 2

(ii 1) To ..., ..., child of Ur-Bau, ruler of Lagaš, dedicated this (female statuette) for the well-being of Ur-ĝar, ruler of Lagaš, and also for her own well-being.

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Ur-GAR 3

(i 1) To the protective spirit of ..., his lady, ..., the scribe, child of Puta, the overseer, dedicated this (statue) for the well-being of Ur-ĝar, ruler of Lagaš, and also for his own well-being.

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Ur-Ningirsu 1

(1) Ur-Ninĝirsu, (also called?) En-me-zid-ana, the šennu priest, the beloved en priest of Nanše.

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Ur-Ningirsu 2

(1) Ur-Ninĝirsu, (also called?) En-me-zid-ana, the šennu priest, the beloved en priest of Nanše.

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Ur-Ningirsu I 1

(1) For Ninmarki, the kind woman, the first-born child of Nanše, Ur-Ninĝirsu, ruler of Lagaš built her E-munus-gisa.

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Ur-Ningirsu I 2

(i 1') ... he šhose ... by eₓtispišy. (i 2') For the kind protective spirit, Ninsumun, his personal deity, he built her house in Iri-kug. (i 7') ... Zazaru .... (ii 1') For Urnunta-ea, child of Ninĝirsu, he built her house in Iri-kug. (ii 5') For Ninmarki, the kind woman, he chose the šita-abba-priest by extispicy.

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Ur-Ningirsu I 3

(1) To Ninmarki, his lady, ... dedicated this (marble tablet) for the well-being of Ur-Ninĝirsu, ruler of Lagaš, and for her/his own well-being.

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Ur-Ningirsu I 4

(1) To the protective spirit, Bau, his lady, Nin-niĝare-si, (Ur-Ninĝirsu's) spouse, dedicated this (human-headed bull) for the well-being of Ur-Ninĝirsu, ruler of Lagaš, and for her own well-being. The name of this votive gift is “May my lady raise him!”

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Ur-Ningirsu I 5

(1') To ..., Ur-dub, child of ..., dedicated this (mace) for the well-being of Ur-Ninĝirsu, ruler of Lagaš, and for his own well-being.

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Ur-Ningirsu I 6

(i 1) To Bau, his lady, Ur-lugal-edenaka, the physician, dedicated this (stone plaque) for the well-being of Ur-Ninĝirsu, ruler of Lagaš, and for his own well-being.

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Ur-Ningirsu I 7add

(1) 2 gun stone (weight), (certified by) Ur-Ninĝirsu, ruler of Lagaš.

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Ur-Ningirsu II 01

(1) For Ninĝirsu, the powerful warrior of Enlil, his master, Ur-Ninĝirsu, ruler of Lagaš, son of Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, the builder of Ninĝirsu's E-ninnu, fashioned this (door socket).

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Ur-Ningirsu II 02

Attests Ur-Ningirsu II's continuation of his father Gudea's building program at Lagash, anchoring the post-Akkadian Lagashite dynasty's legitimacy through temple patronage of Ningirsu's Eninnu.

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Ur-Ningirsu II 03

(1) For Ninĝirsu, the powerful warrior of Enlil, his master, Ur-Ningirsu, ruler of Lagaš, son of Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, the builder of Ninĝirsu's E-ninnu, made the temple of Nanše adjacent to the gate of honest speech.

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Ur-Ningirsu II 04

(1) For Ninĝirsu, the powerful warrior of Enlil, his master, Ur-Ninĝirsu, ruler of ....

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Ur-Ningirsu II 05

(1) To Ninĝirsu, the powerful warrior of Enlil, his master, Ur-Ninĝirsu, ruler of Lagaš, son of Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, dedicated this (mace) for his well-being.

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Ur-Ningirsu II 06

(i 1) For Ninĝišzida, his personal god, Ur-Ninĝirsu, ruler of Lagaš, son of Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, the builder Ninĝirsu's E-ninnu, fashioned his own statue. He named this statue for his sake “As I am someone loved by his personal god, may my life be prolonged!”, and brought it before him into his temple.

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Ur-Ningirsu II 07

(i 1) For Ningišzida, his personal god, Ur-Ninĝirsu, ruler of Lagaš, son of Gudea, ruler of Lagaš ....

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Ur-Ningirsu II 08

(1) For Ninĝišzida, his personal god, ... this (statuette) for the life of Ur-Ninĝirsu, ruler of Lagaš, ....

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Ur-Ningirsu II 09

(1) Ur-Ninĝirsu, ruler of Lagaš, son of Gudea, ruler of Lagaš.

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Ur-Ningirsu II 10

(1) Ur-Ninĝirsu, ruler of Lagaš, son of Gudea, ruler of Lagaš.

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Ur-Utu 2001 / CDLI Seals 001427 (CDLI Seals 001427 (physical))

(1) Baza, the shepherd, the servant of Ur-Utu.

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Utu-hegal 1

Attests Utu-hegal's assertion of divine authority — Nanše as 'lady of boundaries' — to resolve a border dispute between Ur and Lagaš, placing territorial law under goddess-sanctioned jurisdiction rather than military conquest alone.

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Utu-hegal 2

(1) Utu-heĝal, king of the four quarters, returned the border territory of Ninĝirsu, Enlil's powerful warrior, under (Ninĝirsu's) authority.

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Utu-hegal 2001

(1) To Ningal, the beloved spouse of Suen, his lady, Ur-Namma, military governor of Urim, house-born slave of the E-kiš-nu-ĝal, his brother ... for the well-being of Utu-heĝal, the powerful man, king of Unug, king of four quarters.

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Utu-hegal 2002

(1') To Nanna, king of the Anuna gods, his master, ... for the life of Utu-heĝal, the powerful man, king of Unug, king of the four quarters.

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Utu-hegal 3

Attests Utu-hegal's assertion of sovereignty over disputed border territory between Ur and Lagash under divine sanction — evidence that boundary disputes were resolved through royal inscription as well as warfare.

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Utu-hegal 4 (The victory of Utu-hegal)

(1) Enlil, the king of all lands, entrusted Utu-heĝal, the powerful man, king of Unug, the king of the four quarters, the king whose orders cannot be countermanded, with wiping out the name of Gutium, the fanged snake of the mountains, who acted with violence against the gods, who carried off the rule over Sumer to a foreign land for himself, who filled Sumer with wickedness, who took away spouses from the married and took away children from parents, who made wickedness and violence normal in the Land. (24) He went to his lady, Inana, and prayed to her: “My lady, lioness in the battle, who…

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Utu-hegal 5

(1') ... Inana ... Utu-heĝal, the powerful man, king of Unug, king of the four quarterṣ ....

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireETCSRI

Utu-hegal 6

(1) Whoever erases the inscription of Utu-heĝal, the powerful man, king of Unug, king of the four quarters, and writes his own name there — or make someone else do it on account of this curse —, or destroys this (bowl), may his reign be cut short, may his lineage come to an end! May An, the king of the gods, and Inana, lady of Unug, curse his ...!

Law
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireEditorial

ZA 092, 276, 15

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Lagash II (ca. 2200-2100 BC)) — ZA 092, 276, 15. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & Literature
~2130 BCE·Akkadian EmpireEditorial

ZA 092, 288, 26

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Lagash II (ca. 2200-2100 BC)) — ZA 092, 288, 26. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & Literature
~2112 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

RTC 263

3 talents 11 minas of top-quality wool — weighed out. Deficit: 29 minas. Lu-Dumuzi. 3 talents 34 minas — [weighed out]. [...] x [...] Wool of sheep [...] Ur-Abba, governor. Year: Ur-Namma, the king, put the road in order from the lowlands to the highlands.

EconomyWriting & Literature
~2100 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianEditorial

Code of Ur-Nammu

The oldest surviving law code in human history. The principle that the state — not the wronged family — defines and enforces justice begins here.

Law
~2100 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

E-IGI.NIM-pa'e 1

(1) For Diĝir-mah, E-iginim-pa-e, ruler of Adab, ..., builder of the E-mah.

Law
~2100 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

E-IGI.NIM-pa'e 2

Commemorates E-iginim-pa'e of Adab's construction of the E-mah temple for the goddess Diĝir-mah, attesting royal building piety and the foundation-peg ritual at one of Sumer's lesser-documented city-states.

Law
~2100 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Erridu-pizir 1

(colophon 1, 1) The inscription on its socle. (colophon 2, 1) The inscription .... This statue ....

Law
~2100 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Erridu-pizir 3

(colophon 1, 1) The inscription on its socle. (colophon 2, 1) The inscription on his shoulder. (colophon 3, 1) Tablet with 3 inscriptions (from) the statues of Erridu-pizir.

Law
~2100 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Gan-kug-sig 1 / CDLI Seals 001443 (CDLI Seals 001443 (physical))

(1) Gan-kunsig, erešdiĝir priestess of Pabilsaĝ.

Law
~2100 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Geme-Bau 1 (Prima del'alfabeto 06)

(1) To Šul-šagana, her personal god, Geme-Bau, erešdiĝir priestess of Bau, dedicated this for her life.

Law
~2100 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Giša-kidu 1

(1) When Šara became glorious, and Barag-irnun, spouse of Ĝiša-kidug, king of Umma, child of Ur-Luma, king of Umma, descendant of En-akale, king of Umma, daughter-in-law of Il, king of Umma, built a holy dais for Šara of the E-mah, then she presented Šara with this (object) for the E-mah for her well-being.

Law
~2100 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Hala-Adda 1

(1) Dada, the governor of Šuruppag, (and) Hala-adda, the governor of Šuruppag, his child, strenghtened the gate of Sud with walls.

Law
~2100 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Hala-Bau 1001

(1) To Šul-šagana, the beloved child of Ninĝirsu, her master, Ḫala-bau, the spouse of Lugal-irida, dedicated this (mace) for her well-being.

Law
~2100 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Hammu-rapi 14 (Akkadian)

(1) For Utu, lord of heaven and earth, his master. (3) Hammu-rapi, who was appointed by An, who makes himself heard by Enlil, the favourite of Utu, the beloved shepherd of Marduk, the powerful king, king of Babylon, king of Sumer and Akkad, king of the four quarters, the king who renovated all the sanctuaries of the great gods, when Utu gave him the rule over Sumer and Akkad and entrusted their nose-rope into his hands, then for Utu, the lord who supports him, he built the E-babbar, his beloved temple in Larsam, (Utu’s) city of lordship.

Law
~2100 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Hammu-rapi 16

(1) For Inana of Zabala, the lady whose fearsome radiance covers heaven and earth, his lady. (5) Hammu-rapi, who was appointed by An, who makes himself heard by Enlil, the favourite of Utu, the shepherd who makes Marduk's heart happy, the prince beloved by Inana, the powerful king, king of Babylon, king of Sumer and Akkad, king of the four quarters, the king who renovated all the sanctuaries of the great gods, when Inana, who makes the omens favourable for him, gave him the rule over Sumer and Akkad and entrusted their nose-rope into his hands, then for his beloved Inana, he built the E-zi-kalama, her beloved temple in Zabala, her city of ladyship.

Law