Read Chronology Themes Tablets Engine About

Menu

Read
Chronology
Themes
Tablets
Engine
About

Sumerian · Book

Reading the tablets…

A curated narrative reconstruction of humanity's first great civilization, sourced from the tablets themselves. Open scholarship, beautifully accessible.

The site

About the project The engine Dossiers FAQ Methodology Sources & licensing Provenance & ethics Contact & support

Legal

Privacy policy Terms of use llms.txt Sitemap

Independent scholarship · No academic affiliation · No institutional funding · Tablet imagery attributed per item via CDLI, ETCSL, ORACC, Wikimedia, and public museum collections.

Home
All tablets

The corpus

All tablets.

Every tablet in the corpus — sortable by date, title or period; filterable by theme and period. Use the controls below or change the URL parameters directly.

Search

Sort

Oldest first Newest first Title (A–Z)By period

Theme

Religion & Myth Law Economy Astronomy & Mathematics Daily Life Writing & Literature

Period

Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian

Source

Editorial Sumerian literature Sumerian royal Assyrian royal Assyrian archives

3,744 of 102,257 tablets · 6 filters activeClear filters

1401–1450 of 3744

Page 29 / 75

~2350 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Subartu 12, 148

Obverse 1. Food-offering (nidba); 2. dagger(?) — made(?) — for/of the ruler (en); 3. iti-sar, AN-SAG(?); 4. U-la-šum; 5. a kid (mašdaria/goat): 1; 6. female child (daughter); 7. Ašlum; 8. AN-a-[x]-tum; 9. 1 kid. Reverse: uninscribed. (Edges: no ancient writing; modern museum notations only.)

~2350 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Achaemenid Persian

Subartu 12, 153

Sheep for shearing. Rams (male sheep). Palace. 1 hundred. Ewes: 1 hundred. 60. Grass-fed lambs: 46. Month: iti-sar, (of) Utu.

Economy

~2350 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Subartu 12, 158

Obverse: Sheep for shearing; rams; Lu-salim. 1 hundred ewes. 1 hundred, 85; 3 LAK020 (caprines); grass-fed lambs: 43. Reverse: iti-sar of Utu.

~2350 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Subartu 12, 164

Sheared sheep (wool-plucked sheep). Rams. 'A₃-šalum. 20+ [...]. Ewes. 1 hundred, 5 sheep. Grass-fed lambs: 40+ [...]. Month(?) iti-sar of Utu (Šamaš).

~2350 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Subartu 12, 166

[sheep] (for) plucking/shearing [sheep], male (rams) Aḫu-ṭāb: 1 female sheep (ewes) 1 hundred 40 less 1 (= 39) 1 LAK020 (she-goat?) grass-fed lambs: 53 [month:] ... of Utu (Šamaš) (The left-hand edge of every line is broken away; the signs in brackets are restored. No separate reverse text is given in the transliteration beyond the closing date line.)

~2350 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Subartu 12, 200

The ruler (en), in (the) Land — 7 barig 3 ban 5 sila (of barley) — on the 2nd day; [n] 5 barig 3 ban 5 sila — on the 3rd day; 7 barig 3 ban 5 sila — on the 4th day. A-ba-la-da: 60 (units), 4 ban.

~2350 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Subartu 12, 207

[Month:] Bēlī-ZI(?) 7 gur (of grain) KUR-ilum 4 gur 5 barig [...] ... [...] [...]-ḫa — 2 [...] ... 12 (gur)

~2350 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Subartu 12, 216

[...] ... 1 (unit) goods: 8 barig šu-bu₃-da / ir₃-tum: [n+]2 herdsmen of jennies (female donkeys): 6 goods: 8 barig 3 ban herdsmen of young donkeys: 3 šu [...] fullers: 5 [goods]: [n+]3 barig (The remainder of the tablet — reverse and edges — is preserved but effaced; no further signs can be read.)

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

AAICAB 1/2, pl. 140, 1971-349

1. 20 gur barley (by the sag-gal₂ ["great-head"] measure) — 2. (for) the gala-priest (and) the chief carpenter; 3. 20 — Ur-e₂, the leatherworker; 4. 20 — Inim-Utu; 5. 20 — En-ane, the SIG₁₅; 6. (n, not given) — the gala, the SIG₁₅; 7. 20 — Adkup-gal (the [chief] reed-worker/mat-weaver); 8. they are the men of Nu-ira; 9. the farmer is their commissioner (maškim).

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

AAICAB 1/3, pl. 245, Bod S 295

2 barig beer bread (of) Akkade 2 barig groats 2 barig malt 2 barig flour 2 ban2 fine flour (for) Mama-hursag Total: 1 gur 3 barig 2 ban2 flour, by the Akkade gur-standard 2 ban2 fine flour Year 3, month 7 (ITI sign: |UDxSZE.TIL| — a locally-named month).

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

AAICAB 1/4, Bod S 340

1. 1 barig, 3 ban2 fine flour (zi3-sig15) of Agade (a-ga-de3) 2. 1 gur, 1 barig zi3-gu-flour 3. 3 gur dabin-flour (coarse flour) 4. 2 gur, 3 ban2(?) barley malt-flour (zi3-munu4) 5. 2 ban2 [...] AN(?) [...] (broken) 6. A(?) [......] (broken, largely illegible) 7. [......] (illegible) 8. 1 barig(?) [......] (broken) 9. 2 years, 2 months

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

AAS 009

2 jars of 5-ban2 beer, 2 jars of 3-ban2 beer, (for) the additional first-fruits offering (nesag diri). Total: 2 barig 4 ban2 — its barley (equivalent). 6 years, 8 months.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

AAS 012

2 sheep, "chosen by the heart" (selected/designated) 1 lamb, the flank(?) of UD-ḪUB2 (uncertain term/name) 1 lamb (for) Dumuzi 1 lamb (for) Lugal-pa'e 1 sheep (for) the cook 5 lambs (for) the Abzu [1]1 sheep, (for) the diviner (maš-šu-gi4-gi4) Total: 14 sheep, 10 minus 1 (= 9) lambs — booked out (disbursed).

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

AAS 202

x x [...] (traces, illegible) 1 [...] kal-la(?) — (name, ending in -kalla) 1 Me-pa-x(?) — (personal name) 1 Ur-[...] — (personal name) 1 Lugal-maškim [1] Lu2-[...] — (personal name) [1] Lu2 [...] — (personal name) [...] pa-geš-[...] (traces) Its inspection was performed (gurum2-bi i3-ak). 7 years, 5 months.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

AAS 203

2 iku (GAN₂) 30 sar — barley ... ..., son of Adda [...] 2 sar — barley: Aš-e [n] iku [...] barley Adda-iri 2 iku, barley: Di-sude, the cook 5 (+ n) iku, barley: Ur-Ninkitušgub, the minister (sukkal) 2 iku of the "surplus field" (e₂-diri), its geš-UD — barley: Ur-Inanna, stationed at the nesag-offering. (reverse) Field of the "surplus field" (e₂-diri): DAG-gub.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0660

(obverse) [...] courtyard, hand(?) [...] [...] Šeš-šeš [1 gur?], the chief lamentation-priest [...] [...] the chief boatman [...] Sag-ad-gal [...] the vizier of the E-duga [...] the vizier [...] 1 (gur) — E-pa'e and Ur-Ašgi: they are the gardeners. 1 (gur) — Ur-GAN₂-IŠ and Lugal-KA. 1 (gur) — Su-bir-a.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0663

10 workmen [...] Their barley: 2 gur, (by the measure of) Agade. Their oil: 5 sila. Their wages: 10 shekels of silver. For 1 month. From Adab. Total: 1/2 [mina, n shekels of silver]. Total: 7 gur of barley, (by the measure of) Agade. Total: 2 ban of oil. Remainder(?): Gissu. The house(?) [...]

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0666

1 ku-object of the si-sa₂ type, of ni-na — its weight: 50 minus 2 shekels (= 48 shekels). 1 ku-object of the si-sa₂ type, of ni-na — its weight: 1/3 (mina and) [16 shekels]. 1 SAG×U-object of ni-na — its weight: 1/2 mina. Total: 2 mina minus 6 shekels of ni-na. Du-ga-ni, the merchant. Delivery (mu-kux).

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0669

Obverse 2 gur less 7 sila of barley, 1 gur 2 ban 5 sila of emmer: Ur-Iškur. 10 gur of barley: Me-sag. [...] [...] ... [...] Reverse 4 gur ... of barley, 3 gur [...] of emmer — as one (sum) it was reckoned. 50 gur 3 barig [...]: the brewery of the governor. 9 gur (10 less 1) [of ...]: the kitchen of the governor. [Total: x+]2 gur 2 barig 2 sila of barley.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0676

1 (person): Lu-dingira, servant of the king. 1: Bar-ra-dingir, brother of Me-sag. 1: Lugal-entarsu. 1: Iqbi-gi, brother of Beli-laba. [1: ...]-šarrum. (reverse) Total: 5 workmen. [Scribe?]s they are.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0684

Obverse 1,525 gur 1 barig 3 ban2 of barley — En-abzu (was) the commissioner. 1,011 gur of barley (1,020 less 9) — field Za-til, field GAN2-ISZ: Inim-ma (was) the commissioner. [...] 227 gur 1 barig of barley. [Grand total:] 431 gur 1 barig 3 ban2 5 sila of barley. Grand total: 1 mina 4 shekels, one-quarter (shekel), 2½ grains of silver — the interest/rent of the field. Grand total: 43 sheep — sheep (paid in) silver, sheep (paid in) barley: 22½. pa-LAGAB-pa-LAGAB-ba (unexplained entry) [...] stationed (present). [...] it is.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0692

Obverse 20 [...] nu-[...] 51 [...] 51 Lu-[...] 51 Ur-sa 50 [...] Gissu 50 [...]-tur Reverse Total: 615 ninda (of) levee. Field of the House of the Great Pigs. En-anna-tum; its commissioner: Lugal-ša-za-[...]

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0693

(Break — beginning lost) [...] [...] [...] the house of Gab-[...]; 1 orchard: Nar-[...]; 1 orchard: Lu-banda; the house of Dada; 1 orchard: Ur-mes; the mound of Bilgames (Gilgamesh); 2 orchards: Nippur; 1 orchard: Ur-ba-[...]; [1 orchard:] Pirig-nam; (line broken) 1 orchard: Ur-[...]; Total(?): [n ...]-sag.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0695

10 less 1 (= 9) nisqu (choice-quality ones), 30 less 3 (= 27) šadu, foreman: Enlila. 1 mašada-boat, [1] lead boat ... ... (Break) (This is) what [PN] says: to my master speak — let him give (them) to you!

Daily Life·Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0696

1 (man): Da-akkil, 1 (man): Utu-saga, 1 (man): Ur-Enlila, 1 (man): Girini — foreman: Da-akkil. 1 (man): Idi-i7, 1 (man): Išarrum, 1 (man): Inima, <1 (man)>: Ur-nigar — foreman: Idi-i7.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0698

(obverse) [2 ban] less 2 sila (and) 5 shekels of [barley], gur(-measure): regular offerings (sa₂-du₁₁). Barley that is on hand (gal₂-la). Deficit (la₂-ia₃): 10 gur, 1 barig, 1 ban (and) 5 sila of emmer. (remainder of obverse and the reverse uninscribed)

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0717

(obverse) [...] 30(?) gur of barley in the Agade (measure), ... gur, 2 [...], 1 barig, 1 ban, 6 sila [...], [...] in [Aga]de, ... [...] ... [...] Total: 91 gur, 2 barig, 3 ban of barley in the Agade (measure), received(?) — Umma. [...] gur of barley in the Agade (measure), [...] Adab. [Total: ...] 21(?) gur, 2 barig(?), [n ... of barley in the Agade measure]. (Break) (reverse) Bizza[za] rec[eived]; in Adab. ... [...]

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0718

(obverse) 10 gur of barley, issue(?) of Nasa-...; 6 (gur): Ašgi-pa'e; 4 shekels of silver — its barley (equivalent): 3 gur — [En]lile, [...]...-ni, the cupbearer. Total: 20 minus 1 (= 19) gur of barley. Ur-Mamu received (it). (reverse) Therefrom: 16 (gur): (the estate) E-GAN-i(?); returned (repaid) into the hand. Deficit: [3 gur 2 barig of barley] — Ur-Mamu.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0726

OBVERSE: 240 (4 × 60) gur of barley, in the standard measure — the boat of En-ane; 240 (4 × 60) gur of barley — the boat of Inima. Total: 480 (8 × 60) gur of barley [in the standard measure], from Dada the steward. (Break) REVERSE: ... Nippur ... it was given to him. Lu-lal, the scribe: the account was made for him. Against Dada the steward it was not deducted (charged).

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0727

1 ban 5 sila of barley for beer, gur(-measure), at the regular-offering (sattukku) rate, for 7 days; 3 ban 7 sila less 10 shekels of barley for bread, 1 ban 2 sila of emmer for bread [...], for 5 days; 1 barig less 3 sila of barley for beer each, for 8 days; 3 ban less 1 1/2 sila of barley for bread each, 6 sila [...], for [n] days. Total: 13(?) [gur, n sila ... of barley]; total: 2 gur less 1 barig, [n x sila of emmer]. (For) the snake-[charmer]. Im(?)-[...] (rest broken).

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0733

3 gur less 1 barig of barley, in the Agade (gur-measure) — Namtur; 3 gur less 1 barig of barley — Ur-[me]; 2 gur 4 barig of barley — Ur-lam; Total: 8 gur 2 barig of barley.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0745

9 less 1 gur of barley — Lugal-igitab; 8 less 3 gur of barley — Lugal-ĝeš: [barley] threshed, of the plowmen, from the fort of Ur-ab. Inima, the scribe, delivered (it); into the house of A-me he filled it. It is the second time.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

MCS 4, 014 04

(Obverse — top broken) [...] ... [...]-muti, [...]-tebisir; 1 gur 4 barig — ...-ruk...; 1 gur 2 barig — Inzu; 1 gur 4 barig — Baruksir; 2 gur — Atiti; 1 gur 4 barig — Kiti; [n +] 1 gur — ...-imma; [...] ... . (Reverse) [Total: ... n gur] 4 barig 2 ban of barley, by the gur-measure, [...] ...-gar; foreman: Kiti. (Remainder of reverse uninscribed)

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

CT 50, 049

566 sheep, 303 female goats — confirmed on the broad tablet. 135 sheep, 12 lambs: these are sheep of the slaughter-rotation. Sheep at pasture. Year: the expedition-yoke at the drinking-hall was established.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

CUSAS 11, 283

143 gur of barley — its field-area: 1 bur3. Month of Še-sag-kal, day 7. Field of Mu-nu11-mah; [Field of Gada-gar-Ib]-ni-Suen — it is (this).

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Lippmann Coll 001

3 [units] of finest-quality bread; 36 gu2-zi jars; 18 jars of [...]; [...] received. At the mouth of the small canal — bread disbursed. Lugal-an-dul3, chief cupbearer; Mes-ki-gal-la, governor of Adab.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Lippmann Coll 004

[n ...] weaver(s) [...]... [...]-lum [...] house [...] their commissioner [...] bank of the city [n?] I-lum-gar3, scribe — An-na-šum2. 1 merchant: An-na-šum2. A garment has been issued.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Lippmann Coll 006

32 + [n] sheep Adda [n +] 23 — Inim-ma-ni-zi 30 — E2-dam-si 30 — Nin-da [n +] 8 — [lu2...]-u2-[...] [remainder broken]

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Lippmann Coll 009

11 gur, 1 barig, 1 ban2 of flour 25 gur of barley 3 gur of beer-bread [...] (broken) [n+]1 gur, 2 barig of groats 48 gur, 1 barig, 1 ban2 — grand total Annašum

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Lippmann Coll 013

[n] goat(s) — Sag-zi; 1 goat — Ili-ili; [n] goat(s) — [...]-ba; 1 goat — Ur-tir; 1 male sheep — Ka-ku3, son of Ur-[...]

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Lippmann Coll 018

[...]-gu [...]: [Thus] speak: To my lord, say: 'The troops have been set in order. On day 4, [they] perished — mace(?). 15 troops were [...] [...]-na-ga [...] [...] gathered [...] [...] [...] [...] [...] [...] year / name (?) [...] in the palace. A person who has nothing [...] may he bring it.'

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Lippmann Coll 020

1 silver ring [hu-la] — its weight: 1/3 mina 1 naš-pāru garment 1 first-quality, fully finished garment — (for the) bala rotation 1 weaver's garment — (for the) bala rotation 1 (vessel of) fine oil — 2 sila; (1) rope 1 (unit of) bitumen — for the house (for / by) Bēlī-il-abā 1 weaver's garment — (for the) bala rotation (for / by) Elīšta-kal lu2-ku (official) [the] gleaming ornament(s) [of / for] the king they brought [it/them]

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Lippmann Coll 021

1 bala-garment, 1 (unit of) bitumen (for) the ox-stall of the house, 1 leather bag — (for) Ḫulium; 1 bala-garment, 1 (unit of) bitumen of the house, 1 leather bag — [U]ṣium; Men of the nig₂-mul (institution), (of) Lagaš, from Zira — they brought [it there]; they received (it). Month: Šesagkalga.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Lippmann Coll 023

[1] silver ring, spiral, its weight: 1/3 (shekel) 1 garment of naspārum-type 1 heavy garment, perfectly finished 1 fine garment, ušbar-weave 1 [1-sila3 vessel of] sweet oil [n unit(s) of] bitumen, house-[allotment] [n] gur of barley, (for/at) Agade [...]

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Lippmann Coll 024

1 silver ring, unraveled — its weight: 1/3 shekel. 1 garment of naṣparu-type. 1 garment, second-quality, bala(-type). Enna-num, coppersmith — for the king's statue; [having come with it?] [An-mu?] — garments expended. Month: du6-ku3 (the Sacred Mound).

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Lippmann Coll 025

[n] garment(s), nāsparu type 2 garments, fine-grade (nig₂-lam₂), second quality 2 garments, šagadu type, second quality 2 garments, šage-dab type 1 (jar of) good oil, 1-sila measure 1 (unit of) bitumen, house-allocation his/her command: [was given to him?]

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Lippmann Coll 026

10 mana of wool, 1 sila of sesame oil, 1 sila of lard, 1 [unit of] bitumen — house ration: Al-la, the steward of the household. 1 sila of sesame oil: Puzur-Enlil, the barley commissioner, gave [it] to him. Oil: disbursed. Month: mu-tir.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Lippmann Coll 027

10 minas of wool; 1 sila of sesame oil [and] garlic; 1 (unit) of bitumen — house ration. Ur-Gibil, the gardener, [...] small, small [...]; [came] to him; [he] gave to him. The oil is the expenditure. Lugal-amu. Month: mu-tir.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Lippmann Coll 029

2 bar-dul5-cloaks — weaver; 2 sila of pig fat: Lu-ane, the nu-eš (cultic functionary), Ursu, the cupbearer — their commissioner. 2 bar-dul5-cloaks — weaver; [X] bar-dul5-cloak(s) — šabra (estate manager). Sealed account — to Amur-um he gave [it] to him. Month: Šuba-nun. It is a garment disbursement.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Lippmann Coll 031

3 sila of oil; 1 garment — Naspāru; 2 sila of oil; 15 leather gu-tum items; [x x — illegible]; 1 sila of oil (signs damaged); chariot of Da-da; ½ sila of oil; Du-du; Pīrāum — oil expenditure: this is its designation.

1…28 29 30…75