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~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 7, pl. 007, W 19408,5

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 7, pl. 007, W 19408,5. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 7, pl. 018, W 19416,a

2 [units] of MA, ZATU735~b (commodity/vessel type) 2 [units] of GU, fine wool(?), apple(s)/fruit 2 [small units] of DIN, |GAN~c × LAGAB~b| (field/enclosure sign) 2 [small units] of |GAN~c × X| 1 [unit] of GAN~b (field?) [...] GI, |SAR~a × ŠE~a|, DA~a (reed, grain-measure/garden, alongside) [...] of DIN 7 [small units] of MA 2 [large units] of apple(s)/fruit 2 [units] of MA, ZATU735~b |SAR~a × ŠE~a|, A [...]

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CUSAS 01, 002

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — CUSAS 01, 002. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CUSAS 01, 004

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC) ?) — CUSAS 01, 004. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CUSAS 01, 005

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — CUSAS 01, 005. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CUSAS 01, 006

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — CUSAS 01, 006. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 3007

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC) ?) — MS 3007. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 3008

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC) ?) — MS 3008. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 3009

2 units, herb/plant — DIN 3 units 4 sub-units, [commodity ZATU842] — EN 2 units, Uruk [blank / ruling] 2 units, head (person?) — IB 3 units 2 sub-units, troops/workers (ERIN) 3 units, eggs / round objects (NUNUZ) 2 large units 3 units 6 sub-units, city(-quarter?) — chief administrator (SANGA) — EN [...]

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 3010

1 [unit]: woman (SAL) 6 [units]: heart/interior (ŠA3) 2 [units]: [bread/food commodity] (NINDA2×X) 1 [unit]: mountain / foreign land + [time/sun sign] (KUR + U4×1(N57)) 9 [units]: [two signs damaged/unclear] 1 [unit]: [opened/released commodity] (DU8×HI)? 1 [large unit]: [Kiš] + HI + house/temple (E2) + great/prince (NUN) + foot/way (GIR) + water (A)

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 3160

5 [units]: supervisor/elder, goat 1 [unit, large measure]: tooth/horn, natron, house[?] 4 [units]: servant/subordinate 3 [units]: festival 7 [units]: branch/ration-bearer 4 [large units] 2 [units]: dais/throne-platform 6 [large units]: barley, ration, troops/people

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 3161

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — MS 3161. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 3162

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC) ?) — MS 3162. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 3163

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC) ?) — MS 3163. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 3166

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC) ?) — MS 3166. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 3167

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — MS 3167. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 3171

5 sheep (of a specific type/mark) 5 [animals?]: divided/apportioned, elder/chief 5 [animals?]: SZUR2-type, [unknown sign] 4 [units]: [uncertain commodity, ZATU678] 3 (large units): [LAGAB with internal HIxN04 sign] 4 [units]: [uncertain commodity, ZATU753] 6 goats (male) 3 cows (BIR AB2) 4 [units]: [GA2-type container with NUN sign] 5 [units]: branch/ration (PA), [uncertain commodity, ZATU659] 3 [units]: side/rib (DA) [commodity]: SZUR2-type [settlement/place sign]: URU, 8 [large numerical unit]

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 4484

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC) ?) — MS 4484. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 4485

1 (unit), large vessel(?) with hand/delivery sign, 3 (units of something) 1 (unit), ear(?) aromatic/spice(?) with hand/delivery sign 1 (unit), reddish(-commodity?) 1 (unit), field(?) [sign combination UR3×MAŠ] 1 (unit), horn/thorn with UR3-sign 1 (unit), [ZATU844 sign] young animal/calf [broken quantity], [broken signs] [...]

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 4530

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — MS 4530. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 4552

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC) ?) — MS 4552. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 5052

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC) ?) — MS 5052. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

Clay tablet, late Uruk period, 3300-3100 BCE. Proto-cuneiform signs, food issue list " rations" written by combining a human head and a bowl. Purchased via Christie's in 1989, with contribution from the British Museum Friends

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Clay tablet, late Uruk period, 3300-3100 BCE. Proto-cuneiform signs, food issue list " rations" written by combining a human head and a bowl (the triangular object is the regular symbol for bread). In

EconomyDaily Life
~3200 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

Proto-Cuneiform Account Tablet

One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

Ashm 1924-0923

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk III (ca. 3200-3000 BC)) — Ashm 1924-0923. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

Ashm 1924-1083

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk III (ca. 3200-3000 BC)) — Ashm 1924-1083. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 6, pl. 073, W 15860,a2

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk III (ca. 3200-3000 BC)) — ATU 6, pl. 073, W 15860,a2. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 7, pl. 042, W 20274,24

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk III (ca. 3200-3000 BC)) — ATU 7, pl. 042, W 20274,24. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 7, pl. 084, W 22102,5+

4(×10) [units]: containers/baskets of [sun-dried?] fish, (from) the courtyard 2(×10) [units]: [from] the land (?), young female fish [workers?], supervisor/elder 4 [units]: fish, vizier's allocation (?) 2 [units]: [commodity sign GIxGISZ] 2 [units]: mixed/blended (?) [with] sun/day 3 [units?]: [...] , [...] 5 [units]: cattle-pen/stall 5 [units]: mixed (?) sun/day, male worker(s) 2 [units]: date-palm(s) (?) 1 [unit]: [...] , [...]

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

BSOAS 62, 116

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk III (ca. 3200-3000 BC)) — BSOAS 62, 116. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CDLI Seals 006583 (physical)

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk III (ca. 3200-3000 BC)) — CDLI Seals 006583 (physical). No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CDLI Seals 006603 (physical)

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk III (ca. 3200-3000 BC)) — CDLI Seals 006603 (physical). No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CDLI Seals 012668 (physical)

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk III (ca. 3200-3000 BC) ?) — CDLI Seals 012668 (physical). No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CDLJ 2009/4 §4

1(N57) [commodity: salt/MUN] 4(N14) 3(N01), AL [implement/hoe?] 1(N14) 1(N01), EN~a TUR [lord/office-holder, small/junior] 5(N01), |U4×1(N57)| TUR [day-count notation, small/junior category] 1(N14), |U4×2(N57)| TUR 1(N14) 6(N01), |U4×3(N57)| TUR 1(N34) 2(N14) 5(N01), 1(N57) 2(N57) [salt] SU~a PAP~a |1(N58).BAD~a| SI AN AD~a GIR~a

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CDLN 2015/004

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk III (ca. 3200-3000 BC)) — CDLN 2015/004. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CMAA 020-C0003

[...] 1, [...] X X 1, female goat (MASZ2), [type] ZATU628~a, processed/fashioned (DIM~a), female (SAL) 1, [type] NUN~b, processed/fashioned (DIM~a) 1, [type] NUN~b, deposited/placed (GAR), head/chief (SAG), [type] ZATU694~c [...], [...] [...] 6, [...]

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CUSAS 01, 007

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk III (ca. 3200-3000 BC)) — CUSAS 01, 007. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CUSAS 01, 008

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk III (ca. 3200-3000 BC)) — CUSAS 01, 008. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CUSAS 01, 013

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk III (ca. 3200-3000 BC)) — CUSAS 01, 013. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CUSAS 01, 014

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk III (ca. 3200-3000 BC)) — CUSAS 01, 014. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CUSAS 01, 015

5(N34) 4(N14) — male workers, gate 2(N14) 2(N01) — gate, received/hand 2(N34) — going/coming, [commodity sign ZATU737xBUR~a] 3(N34) — settlement, [commodity ZATU659], gate 2(N34) — [...] gate 3(N34) — [...] gate 1(N51) 1(N14) — [precious-metal commodity] 1(N34) 2(N14) — timber/wood, gate gate 1(N48) 9(N34) 2(N14) 2(N01) — [total/disbursement] NI~a, gate

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CUSAS 01, 016

1(N34), 1(N58) UR5~a 1(N57), URI 3(N57), date-palm(?) [with] GISZ SI [...], LA2 SUG5 [...], plant/grass [...], ZATU759 1(N57), linen NA2~a 1(N57), SZU2 female worker BAR 1(N34), 1(N58) 3(N57), plant/grass NAM~a X, 3(N57) plant/grass 1(N57), ZATU802~b [Total/Summary:] SZU SZU plow BU~a PAP~a NAM2 IM~a DUR2 SZAGAN

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CUSAS 01, 017

[...] [...] 2, PAP (elder/supervisor) DAR (variegated/allocated?) 2, NAGA (alkali plant?) [...] [...], SAL (woman/female worker) [...], [...] 2, EN (lord/high-status official) | 1(N04) 1, NU11 AN [...], [...] [...], [...] 4, LAL2 (honey/syrup/deficit?) 1, UR (dog/servant?)

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CUSAS 01, 018

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk III (ca. 3200-3000 BC)) — CUSAS 01, 018. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CUSAS 01, 019

1, AN NU11 [1], X MU 1, X PAP elder/ancestor ME 1, (BU&BU).NA2 SHA ME 1, LAGAB X BU 1, AL 1, ZATU725 [1], [...] 1, [...] SZITA 1, [...] 1, woman GA2 GI 1, temple administrator [...] 1, KAK GISZ [...], [...] 1(N14) 4(N01), GI house NU11 prince/lord DU A

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CUSAS 01, 020

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk III (ca. 3200-3000 BC)) — CUSAS 01, 020. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CUSAS 01, 021

1(N22): ADAB 3(N01): [sign uncertain] 1(N01): ERIN KAB 1(N01): GAN2 ISZ~b 2(N14): sheep 3(N01): plow [+] EN 1(N01): SUG5 [+] MAR [+] ZATU752 1(N01): HI [+] EN 1(N01): plow [+] GAN2 2(N14): AN TE 1(N01): woman [+] DARA4 ZATU851

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CUSAS 01, 022

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk III (ca. 3200-3000 BC)) — CUSAS 01, 022. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CUSAS 01, 023

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk III (ca. 3200-3000 BC)) — CUSAS 01, 023. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy
~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CUSAS 01, 024

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk III (ca. 3200-3000 BC)) — CUSAS 01, 024. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & LiteratureEconomy