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Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemenid Persian

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Page 5 / 35

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 178

1. 3 units — fish — (of the) courtyard/storage-area (KISAL) 2. 3 units — horn(s) (SI) — ME 3. 3 units — 1(N57)-bird (MUŠEN) — storehouse (E2) 4. 2 units — RU (given/deposited) 5. 3 units — BU (commodity) — DU (delivered) 6. 3(N01) 3(N57) — PAP (total/supervisor marker) 7. 6 units — to Šuruppak 8. the lord/EN — TE — disbursed (BA) 9. 2(N14) 3(N01) — the lord/EN — TE — disbursed (BA)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 181

Obverse: 1. 8(N01) — DU (delivered/brought), commodity: ZATU737xBUR [sign partly damaged] 2. 1(N01) — TI (variant t), GIR3 (variant g/b) 3. 1(N01) — BAHAR2 (variant b, 'potter' sign) 4. 1(N01) — DU (brought) to the E2 (house/storehouse) [E2 sign damaged] 5. 1(N01) — ZATU773 (sign, function uncertain) Reverse: 6. 1(N01) — EN (lord/high official), ŠA3 (variant a2-g, 'heart/inside') 7. 1(N14) 3(N01) [i.e. a compound quantity of one N14-unit plus three N01-units] — A (water) [sign damaged], ŠU ('hand'/received) 8. 5(N01) — BA (disbursed), DU (brought), commodity: ZATU737xBUR 9. 3(N01) — ŠU ('hand…

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 182

[...], AB~a 1(N08) , AN BA TUG2~a 1(N01) , ZATU776# UR2 1(N01) , UDU~a 1(N01) , SUHUR ZATU776 AB~a MU [...] , [...] 1(N14) , X [...] AB~a AN BA 1(N14) , |LAGAB~axŠITA~a1| |LAGAB~axŠITA~a1| 2(N01) , ZATU710 LAGAB~b HI@g~a LAGAB~b URU~a1 AN BA [...] , [...] 4(N01)# , |LAGAB~axŠITA~a1| 2(N01)# , [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 184

1 large unit (60?) + 4 medium units — GIR3 (foot/messenger personnel), [type] ZATU773 1 large unit (60?) + 1 medium unit — NAR (musician), A [...] — [...] 1 large unit (60?) — ME (category/quality marker), KU3 (silver/precious metal?), URU (settlement/city?), UR 5 medium units — |URU×KI| (city+place compound), EN (lord/high priest) [...] — [...] [...] — X X X

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 187

SILA4 (lamb/sheep), GA (milk) X [...] [SILA4] (lamb/sheep), GA (milk) [...] SILA4 (lamb/sheep), LAGAB, UMUN2, DU SILA4 (lamb/sheep), temple-administrator, tablet/record EN (lord/high-priest): LAGAB LAGAB LAGAB LAGAB LAGAB, SILA4 (lamb/sheep) [...], [...] [...], [...] LAGAB, [...] SILA4 (lamb/sheep), [...] LAGAB, GA2 KU6 (fish) LAGAB, [wood/timber] ŠU TUR (small hand / junior official?)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 188

1(N05) [units]: GAL (large/great) X |U4×1(N57)| [...] 1(N05) [units]: EN (lord/official) 3(N57) [...] 1(N05) [units]: PA (overseer?) URU (city/settlement) |EZEN×KASZ| |U4×4(N57)| GU7 (consumption/ration): |EZEN×KASZ| |U4×6(N57)|

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 193

1 (unit) — sheep 1 (unit) — [fish / carp?] 1 (unit) — X [compound sign: ZATU759×KU6] [...] — [...] 1 (N26 units) — NE KI [...] — X X [...] — [...] AB — day+1 [...] [...] — [...] [...] 1(N24) 1(N28) — [compound sign: ZATU714×HI] 1 (N26 units) — NE KI day+1 — AB AB — SI4 — consumed (GU7)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 195

[...] 7 large units, container/storehouse LAGAB water [quality-grade] SIG [...] , [...] 5 units, GU7 (consumed/disbursed for eating) 1 large unit, EN (lord/high official) brought, container 1 large unit (N22), GUG2 (grain-product?), beer, BAR (half/portion disbursed) 5 large units 2 large units (N22), DUR~a, GA~a (dairy product?) [...] , X X UR5~a, hand, AN, NUNUZ~c, ZATU788 [...] , [...] [...] field/plot [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 199

[...] 1(N01) , [...] [...] , [...] 1(N01) , NIM~a 2(N01) , SUKKAL [...] , ERIN[...] [...] , [...] 2(N01) , DU 3(N57) SAL 2(N01) , PU2[...] 1(N01)[...] , [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 202

[...] 1(N39~a) , [A] [hand/receipt] woman [...] , [...] 1 , [commodity X] [commodity X] 1 , [elder/supervisor?] [commodity X] [...] 1 , [...] [...] , [...] 1 , storehouse of the Tigris 1 , beer [commodity X] [BU] [...] , [...] [fire/fuel?] [brought/delivered?] [TE] [BU]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 217

[...] 5 large units(?) [of ...]\n3 large units of [barley/cereal + NAM2]\n[...] [...]\n[...] [...]\n3 large units(?) of X [...]\n[...] [...]\n20 [...] [...]\n20(?) [...] [...]\n[...] foot-sign SAG(?) [...]\n[...] [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 219

1(N01) 1(N39~a) — MUD, NA~a, BU~a fish (KU6~a), courtyard (KISAL~b1) 2(N39~a) — AN, foot/runner (GIR3@g~b) 3(N39~a) — corner/room (UB), ration/person (ZI~a)[?] 2(N39~a) — eggs/offspring (NUNUZ~a1), mother/female supervisor (AMA~a) 1(N39~a) — aromatic/spice (SZIM~a), storehouse (E2~b) 1(N39~a)[?] — place/location (KI)[?] [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 31, 047

[...] [...] 1(N14) 1(N14) 2(N01) , PAP [EN+NUN] [...] NA2~b1[?] 2(N01) , APIN~a 1(N01) , UD5~a [...] 1(N15) , KIŠ

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 31, 054

[...] |DU8~cxAMAR| AB~a 2(N14) 6(N01) [= 26], MUN~a1 5(N01), KUR~a |DU8~cxAMAR|[?] 3(N01), MUN~a1 E2~a[?] [...] 2(N01), |U4x2(N57)| [...] X [...] BAR[?] [...] [...] X MAR~a[?]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 31, 055

[KISZ?] [...] Salt: 5 [units] [...] Salt: 3 [units] [...] 20 [...] [...] 5 [units], |day×3(N57)| 4 [units], |day×1(N57)| [ZATU669] [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 31, 162

[...] [...] MEN~a SZAGAN GISZ 2 (units), sheep, barley , lord/EN-official [...] 3 (N57 units), [commodity: fleece/wool collection?] 1 (unit), [ZATU850] [ZATU850] 1 (unit), [NAM2] RU 2 (units), barley, lord/EN-official, 1 (N04 units), AN [...] 20 (units), lord/EN-official, [grain-storehouse type A], [grain-storehouse type B] 13 (units), ŠU, [grain-storehouse type A], [grain-storehouse type B] [30+?] 3 (units), [grain-storehouse type A], [grain-storehouse type B?]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 31, 166

2, [commodity/ration?] SZUM PA U4(?) [sign] ZATU659 2, SANGA [temple administrator] |ZATU737xDI| 3, GA 1(?) [...], [...] [...], [...] 5, DU(?) TE 3, KAB(?) [...] 3, ZATU659 [+sign] 2, ZATU659 3, SUG5 [+sign] [...], [...] [...], [...] [1]4(?) [...] [+sign] [...] 30, DUR [...], ZATU659

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 31, 168

[...] SILA3 (capacity measure)? [...] SILA3+MUD3 (combined/modified capacity sign) 1(N14) 5(N01) — SUHUR (carp/fish) [...] UMUN2 GAL~a TUR PA~a (lord/master, large, small, branch/wing?) [...] MUD IB~a — SAL PAP~a [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 31, 170

[...] [...] 1 , jar 3 , person(s) X 2 , EN [of/at] Šuruppak [...] [...] IB 5 , male sheep/goat(s) 1 , [ZATU676] [...] KIŠ[?]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 31, 189

5 , EN [...]\n5 , E2 DA\n5 , EN SAG[?]\n5 , EN DU[?]\n5 , [X]\n5 , [X]\n4 , MAR [...]\n5 , GAN2\n4 , NAGA\n2 , UB\n[...] , [...]\n1 , MUSZ3\n1 , |SZE.NAM2|\n1(N34) 3(N14) 1(N01) , E2 [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MRAH O.4995

36 [units] — AL[?] 8 [units] — EN (lord/official), small 7 [units] — [category U4×1], small 1 [unit] — [category U4×2], small 22 [units] — [category U4×3], small 1(N34) 14 [units] — [categories] 1(N57) 2(N57), salt(?), SU, PAP, NIM, |DARA3×KAR2| — AL[?]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2357

1 [unit], ŠUBUR — [type/quality] ŠA3 7 [units], MAŠE (goats?) — KUR (highland?) — ZATU773 3 [units], EN (lord/high official) — IB — PIRIG (lion-class?) 1 [unit], 3(N57) — SANGA (administrator/priest) 5 [units], ŠUBUR — ZATU795 — LAM 7 [units], KAŠE (beer?) — DA [...lost line(s)...] 2(N14) 4(N01) [= 24 units], BA — NIM (disbursed/delivered — highland?)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2358

1 unit — ŠU.TUR, elder/overseer (PAP) 1 unit — barley, SI, given/deposited (RU) 1 unit — BU, barley, brought (DU) 1 unit — barley, [X], cow (AB2) 1 unit — sheep (UDU), equid/donkey (ANŠE) 1 unit — AN, EŠDA, barley — silver (KU3), place/location (KI), branch/overseer (PA) 3 large units (3×N14) — barley — branch/overseer (PA), place/location (KI), silver (KU3), water/liquid (A)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2396

1(N01) — beer (KASZ~c) [and/with] grain (|SZE~a&SZE~a|) 1(N01) — [commodity: ZATU659, unidentified] 1(N01) — Uruk (UNUG~a) [place/institution] KI [with/at] ZATU773~a [unidentified sign] 1(N01) — EN~a (lord/high official) [with] reeds (|GI&GI|) 1(N01) — donkey (ANSZE~e) [and/with] sheep (UDU~a) 1(N01) — mouth/ration-opening (KA~a) [of/for] fish (KU6~a) 1(N01) — horn/branch (SI) [of/at] courtyard (KISAL~b1) 1(N01) — guardian/overseer (PAP~a) 1(N01) — branch/wing (PA~a) — disbursement/distribution (BA) — [line unclear/blank] Total: 9(N01) — distributed (BA) [via/through] SU~a PAP~a [body/officer:…

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2431

1(N57) units, fine wool [RAD~a] 5(N01) units, distribution [BA] 9(N01) units, reed [GI] 1(N14) 1(N01) units, lord/EN-official [EN~a] 1(N01) unit, silver/precious metal — storehouse [KU3~a E2~a] 6(N02) units, [commodity unclear] 3(N14) 2(N01) units — 1(N57) 2(N57) — salt [MUN~a1], delivery/bringing [DU], approach/receipt [TE], fine wool [SIG RAD~a]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2433

2 — UTUA (fish?) 4 — male sheep (rams) 2 — NUN~b (quality/type marker) 5 — goats 1 — ewe [subtotal or section divider] 2 — she-goats 1 — NUN~b (quality/type marker) [subtotal or section divider] 1(N14) 6(N01) [= 16] — sheep — GI MASZ KI (reed? / goat / place?)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2434

5(N14) 6(N01) [...] 6(N34) 3(N14) , NE~a NUNUZ~a1 1(N01) , TUN3~a DILMUN 1(N01) , PIRIG~b1 SU~a [quantity] 1(N57) BA |ŠE~a.NAM2| NAM2 DUB~a ZATU694~c NUNUZ~a1 [...] 1(N01) , X [...] 8(N01) , UTUA~a 3(N01) , UDUNITA~a 1(N14) 1(N01) , NUN~b 9(N01) , MASZ2 [...] TE RAD~a SANGA~a [reverse: uninscribed or lost]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2436

Obverse: [Signs:] RAD~a BU~a SI TE KITI ZATU795 LAM~b AN MUSZ3~a URU~a1 2(N15) 1(N02) , 2(N57) MUN~a1 PAP~a 2(N57) SU~a [Signs:] RAD~a KITI SI TE BU~a [Signs:] ZATU795 LAM~b RU KI HI KI URU~a1 AN MUSZ3~a SIG RAD~a [Approximate rendering, given proto-cuneiform conventions:] Row 1: [Category/title: RAD~a BU~a] — SI TE KITI — ZATU795 LAM~b — AN MUSZ3~a URU~a1 Row 2: 2(N15) 1(N02) [= large quantity unit] — 2(N57) [units of] salt — PAP~a — 2(N57) SU~a Row 3: RAD~a — KITI SI TE BU~a Row 4: ZATU795 LAM~b — RU KI HI KI — URU~a1 AN MUSZ3~a — SIG RAD~a

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2437

3 females, [sign ZATU628~a], dog/servant, cow 2 females, [sign ZATU628~a], hand, hand, [ME~a quality/category] 2 males(?), [SZUR2~b], [BU~a] 2 females(?), [DU], [EN2], [sign ZATU628~a], female 1(large unit) 2, total/head-count

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2438

2 ewes (U8) 2 × 10 she-goats (UD5) 2 × 10 + 8 goats (MASZ2) 2 × 10 + 7 (male) kids (NUN~b) 4 young rams / lambs (UTUA~a) 1 × 10 adult rams (UDUNITA~a) 1 large unit + 3 × 10 + 1, [comprising:] sheep (UDU), fish (KU6), birds (MUSZEN), goats (MASZ) 4 large units + 1 × 10 + 7, [x] [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2446

2 — house (E2~b), DA~a 2 — water/beer (A), beer (KASZ~c) 1 — URI3~a, IB~a 1 — MUD 1 — KU~b1, AN 2 — house (E2~b), SI [subtotal/rubric:] LAGAB~a ZATU659 NAM2 RAD~a PA~a SZE~a A URI3~a IB~a 2 — she-goat (UD5~a) 1 — ewe (UTUA~a) 3 — adult male sheep/ram (UDUNITA~a) 1 — NUN~b 2 — goat (MASZ2) 9 — [young/small] sheep (UDU~a TUR#) [subtotal/rubric:] ZATU659 URI3~a IB~a

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2497

8 large units of barley — ŠUBUR 7 large units, 4 small units of barley — ZAG-fish [official/institution] 3 large units of barley — temple administrator (SANGA) 5 large units of barley — [ZATU773] goat(s) 5 large units of barley — HI U4 [city?] — barley 1 very large unit, 7 large units, 4 small units — barley [subtotal] 1 [highest-order unit], 4 [intermediate units] — 1 very large unit, 2 [large units], 1 large unit, 4 small units — barley [grand total]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2501

Obverse: 8 [units], dog(?) [and/or] tree/wood sign 1(N14) [...] 2 [units], DUR-type bundle(?) [and] ZATU819 [...] 1 [unit], foot/path(?) BU DU A [...] TE, offering-priest/administrator [...] [...] [...] 1(N34) 1(N14) 6 [units] [...] [...] Reverse: 6(N34) [units], NE [and/or] eggs/roe 2 [units], ZATU831 (unidentified commodity) 1 [unit], AGAR2 (a field or flour-type?) 1 [unit], TUN3 (a container or tool?) [...] [...] [...] TE, offering-priest/administrator X [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2502

5(N34) 5(N14) 8(N01) , [commodity/sign X] 1(N57) DUR~b LAGAB~b RAD~a 3(N34) 1(N14) 7(N01) , DUR~b BA 1(N34) 2(N14) , UR~a SANGA~a 1(N34) 2(N14) 1(N01) , GI [blank?] NAM2 ESZDA? 3(N57) PAP~a TE TUR

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2504

9 [units], MAR~a, NA~a[?], sheep, ZATU749~b 7 [units], sheep, ZATU749~b [...], ZATU821, reed/GI [...], NIN, SIG [...], TE, RAD~a, SANGA~a 16 [units], sheep, tablet/DUB~a, ZATU749~b [...], SIG, NIN

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2506

20 ewes (female sheep) [and/with] females (women/female persons?) 3 rams (male sheep) 2 goats [...] [...] hand/delivery? 10 [animals/units]: consumed, [by/via] RAD? 3 [units of] barley 5 ewes 1 [unit of] beer 20 [units of] bread/ration allocation 1 [unit]: weapon/mace + fat/oil? [signs:] MUSZ3 + ME + LAL3 + SZUR2 [— meaning unclear; possibly a personal name or institutional label]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2507

4(N15)? , storehouse — PA~a 3(N15)? , ISZ~b — RAD~a 1(N15)? , SZU TUR 1(N15)? , AN — URU~a1 [...] , [...] EN~a [damaged] [...] 1(N14) , clay/tablet (IM~a) 1(N14) , storehouse — NAGA~a SI 2(N50) 3(N14) , |HIx1(N57)| ZATU756 1(N45)# 6(N14) , [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2511/1

[...] [...] 1(N57) BA? 7(N01) NI~a NE~a [...] [...] X SAG# 7(N01) ZATU659# LAGAB~a [...] 3(N34) 1(N01) 1(N57) BA GISZ [...] [...] X [...] 2(N01) U8 2(N14) 3(N01)# UD5~a 1(N01) UTUA~a# [...] 2(N01) [...] 2(N01)# [...] [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2512

[...] , [...] [...] , [...] X [...] , [...] ZATU659 [...] , [...] natron/alkali plant (NAGA) [...] , [...] bird(s) (MUŠEN) [+ damaged sign] [...] , [...] ZATU659(?) [blank] , 1(N57) salt (MUN) 1(N01) , IB [damaged] 1(N01)[?] [...] , [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2514

Obverse: [Col. i] 2 [units] — ZATU694~c, DA~a DA~a [Col. ii] NI~a, grain (SZE~a@t), AN, DI, RAD~a [Col. i] 1 [unit] — beer (KASZ~c), |ZATU737xE~a|(?) [Col. ii] GAL~a, chief administrator (SANGA~a) [Col. i] 2 [units] — she-goats (UD5~a), DI, A [Col. i] 1 [unit] — large billy-goat (MASZ2 GAL~a), chief administrator (SANGA~a) GAL~a Reverse: 3 [units] — BAR, NI~a [damaged], grain (SZE~a@t), AN

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2516

Obverse: [1(N52)] BA [...] 1(N52) [quantity] 2(N01) SZU2 3(N01) KID~b 1(N01) [NAR SU~a] 1(N52) [quantity] [...] [...] Reverse: 3(N52) [large quantity] 2(N01) SZU2 3(N01) KID~b 1(N01) NAR SU~a 1(N34) NIM~a [...] [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2520

[...] [...] [...] SIG RAD~a [...] [...] [...] 1(N02)# [...] X [...] X [...] [...] [...] X [...] [...] [...] [...] [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2677

[...] [...] EN, [quality/breed marker] NUN [...] [...] X X [...] 3, [remainder:] beer/liquid ration [...] [...] 1, large [item/animal — GAL] + SZITA [vessel/implement?] 1, horn(s) [of] courtyard 1, [labor force / workers] ERIN [...] reed, SZUBUR, [commodity/measure] [...] container, [destination:] NUN, clay/tablet? [...] [...] [...] [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2680

[...] 2, NUN~b# [...] [...] 2, goat(s) 1, X [...] 1, X [...] [...] , [...] 1(N34) , [...] X BA ŠE~a X [...] 2(N34) 6(N01)# [...] , sheep [...] [...] , [...] X

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2681

2 ewes 28 [broken commodity/animal sign] [...] [...] 5 goats 1 ox [...] [...] [...] 1 ox — [fuel/fire commodity?] [blank or lost line] [...] [unread sign]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2684

[...] , [...] [...] 2 , [commodity: NI~a?] small/junior 2 , large bowl (UTUL~a) [of/from] city/settlement 1 , [animal/commodity: DARA3~c × KAR2] 1 , [commodity/institution: ADAB] 1 , [commodity: ZATU799] [...] , [...] [damaged sign]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2686

[...] , [...] 9 , KA~a RAD~a DI 7 , BU3 NA~a 1 [large unit] [...] , RAD~a DI [...] [...] , X [...] — , [LAGAB~b?] [...] 26 [large unit + 6] , young [bird of type MUSZENxPAP?] TI 5 , X [...] [...] , [...] 6 , NUN~b 1 , UDUNITA~a 1 , goat [...] , [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2689

[...] 3, [...] X KA~a MA 3, TAK4~a A GU SZA 2, DUB~b MUSZEN MASZ [...], [...] 5, [...] 3 [...], [...] 1, [...] 1, [...] 3(N14) 1, UDU~a (sheep) [...], APIN~a[?] X [...] [...], [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2690

[...] , [...] X [...] , [...] [...] , [...] [garment] [...] , [...] 1 , linen cloth 2 , 1(×60?) female [animal/person] — ration-portion , city — temple administrator [...] , [garment] [...] , [...] 1 , [...] 1 , 1 [...] — ration-portion , road/journey — plow [category] [...] , [...] X

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2693

[...] [...] sheep [...] [...] DA~a NI~a wood/timber [...] [...] 3, NUN~b 2, goat(s) [sign unclear] [...] [...] [...]

1…4 5 6…35