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Sumerian · Book

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Sumerian · Book

The first cities. The first stories. Still here, written in clay.

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Every tablet in the corpus — sortable by date, title or period; filterable by theme and period. Find a name, follow a period, or explore a subject through the records it left behind.

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Religion & Myth Law Economy Astronomy & Mathematics Daily Life Writing & Literature

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Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemenid Persian

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Editorial Sumerian literature Sumerian royal Assyrian royal Assyrian archives

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Page 5 / 1573

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 162

(obverse) [...] : HAL(-official/category) 1 (N30) : a jug(?) of beer (KAŠ), [compound vessel-sign], MU 2 (N01) : plants/fodder(?) (U2) of the mound(?) (DU6) 3 (N01) : "day"(?) (U4), fine/female (SAL), HAL 20 (2×N14) : junior(?) (TUR), HAL#, female/fine (SAL) 2 (N01) : EN(-official), TU, [wooden object: GIŠ×ŠU2] 25 (2×N14 + 5×N01) : ŠITA(-implements/category), the namešda(-official), ... (sign illegible) 5 (N01) (and) 1 (N57) : chief/great (GAL) 1 (N01) : [...] [...] : [...] (remainder broken; reverse uninscribed)

Economy

~3100 BCE·

Uruk Period

Our engine

CUSAS 01, 163

(obverse) 1(N14) 8(N01) [= 18]: calf(s and) cow(s) (AMAR AB2), 4(N14) 5(N01) [= 45]: [...], UB(?) [...], [...]: [...], [...]: [...], (Break) [...] 1(N01) [= 1]: KISIM-vessel (dairy container), 3(N02), 1(N01): day(?) — milk (U4 GA).

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 172

(Obverse) 5(N01) 1(N24) — HI@g-product, (for/of) Uruk; 1(N01) 1(N24) 1(N16) — HI@g-product, (for) the labor troop of the storehouse UR2; 1(N01) 1(N24) 1(N28) 1(N30c) — HI@g-product, [...]; 4(N01) 3(N39a) 1(N24) — HI@g-product, received(?) (as a) loan(?); (Subscript:) new (delivery); 1(N04), first (quality). (Reverse: uninscribed.)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 173

(obverse) [...] , [...] [...] , [...] 4 (units), 2 (small units), 1 (fraction) — designation(?): ... (ZATU714×HI, undeciphered commodity sign) 30 (3 × N14) sheep 1 carp (SUHUR) 1 (N52 — a large-capacity numerical unit) 1 jar (of a marked vessel type) 8 ... (ŠU2 — received/disbursed(?)) [1 ... (ZATU644, undeciphered sign)] 2 ... (ZATU753, undeciphered sign) [...] , [...] 4 (units) [and 1 fraction] apples (HAŠHUR) 2 ... (MA — fig(?)/container(?)) of ... (ZATU735, undeciphered) 2 ... (GA2-type container with inscribed sign) (subscript:) oil(?) deposited(?); 2 (N57) ...; new ...; [consumed/disburs…

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 174

Obverse 1. 5(N47) — the temple administrator (SANGA~a); |U₄ × 3(N57)| 2. (no number) — fish (KU6~a); the courtyard (KISAL~b1) 3. bird (MUŠEN); the house/estate (E2~a) 4. SI (horn); ME~a 5. EN~a (the lord); NE~a 6. BU~a; PAP~a; NAM2 7. |LAGAB~b + LAGAB~b|; jar (DUG~a); place (KI) 8. [...] ŠU [...] (Surface broken and effaced) 9. (two illegible signs) 10. TE; RU

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 175

Obverse: 2 (units): tilted-wood (GIŠ@t) object(s) — E2~a (house/household) 6 (units): vessels of the DUG~b type marked with sheep × TAR 6 (units): KID~b (reed mats) 17 (1 ten, 7 units): MA 1 ten + [...]: ŠEN~b vessels Summary / colophon: BA (allotted), DUB~a, E2~a (house), KALAM~g, URU~a1, ŠE~a (barley/grain), SAR~a Reverse (or final case): NI~a, BA (allotted)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 176

(Face A — obverse) 1. 6 N₁₄ (of) barley — UR₂ 2. [ ] — exchange-price; allotted 3. 4 N₃₄, 1 N₃₆, 2 N₄₅, 3 N₁₄ — barley; allotted; exchange-price; fish; courtyard 4. 4 N₃₄, 1 N₄₅, 3 N₁ — barley (Face B — reverse) 5. 1 N₃₆, 9 N₁₉ 6. 3 N₁₉, 3 N₄ — LAGAB×TE (Both faces are chipped along the upper and lower edges; several signs marked as damaged in the edition — the initial 6 N₁₄, ŠE, UR₂, ŠAM₂, BA and the final 3 N₁₉ — are only partly preserved.)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 177

Obverse 1 (N₀₁) — fish (KU6~a), KA~a 2 (N₀₂), 1 (N₅₈) 1 (N₀₄), 1 (N₀₂) [...] , [...] 1 (N₀₂) [...] 1 (N₀₁) — TUR ("small"/"junior") [...] 1 (N₀₁) — GI(?) (bundle-unit), (one further sign, unread) 1 (N₀₁) [...] [...] 3 (N₀₁) [...] , TA~a [...] , [...] (Reverse: no legible signs preserved.)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 178

Obverse column i 1. 3 (units) — fish, (of/for) the courtyard 2. 3 (units) — SI (horn?), ME 3. 3 (units) — bird (1 N57 + MUŠEN), house 4. 2 (units) — RU (given/deposited) 5. 3 (units) — BU, delivered (DU) 6. 3 (units), 3 (small units N57) — PAP (supervisor/elder) 7. 6 (units) — Šuruppak 8. EN (the lord), TE, allotted (BA) Reverse 9. 2 (N14 = large units) 3 (units) [= 23 in all] — EN (the lord), TE, allotted (BA)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 181

8 (units): DU, |ZATU737×BUR| 1 (unit): TI GIR₃ (a personnel/animal designation) 1 (unit): BAHAR₂ — potter 1 (unit): DU, E₂ — house(hold) 1 (unit): ZATU773 1 (unit): EN, ŠA₃ — the lord, the inner (quarter/heart) 13 (units): A ŠU — water/canal, received 5 (units): BA (allotted), DU, |ZATU737×BUR| 3 (units): ŠU (received), SAL, PAP — fine (goods)/female, the supervisor 5 (units): KU₆ — fish (The tablet is inscribed on both faces; the surviving entries are given here in the order of the transliteration. Several cases are chipped at the edges and their signs are only partly preserved.)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 182

Obverse(?), column i 1. [...] — AB (household/institution) 2. 1 (N08 unit) — AN BA TUG₂ (cloth / garment) 3. 1 — ZATU776 UR₂ 4. 1 — sheep (UDU) 5. 1 — SUHUR 6. ZATU776 AB MU Column ii (or continuation) 7. [...] — [...] 8. 10 — X [...] 9. AB AN BA 10. 10 — LAGAB×ŠITA LAGAB×ŠITA 11. 2 — ZATU710 LAGAB HI@g 12. LAGAB URU AN BA (Break or damaged section) 13. [...] — [...] 14. 4 — LAGAB×ŠITA 15. 2 — [...] (The rest is lost or uninscribed)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 184

Obverse 1. 1(N45) 4(N14) [i.e. 640, if the sexagesimal counting system is used]: GIR3@g~b ZATU773~a 2. 1(N45) 1(N14) [610]: NAR A 3. [...]: [...] 4. 1(N45) [600]: ME~a KU3~a URU~a1 UR~a 5. 5(N14) [50]: URU~a1xKI EN~a 6. [...]: [...] 7. [...]: X X X (Reverse and edges: no text visible in the photograph)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 187

(Obverse; the transliteration does not mark any surface or edge divisions) 1. Lamb(?) — GA [...] [...] 2. [Lamb(?)] — GA [...] 3. Lamb(?), LAGAB — UMUN2 DU 4. Lamb(?) — SANGA DUB 5. EN — LAGAB LAGAB LAGAB LAGAB LAGAB, lamb(?) 6. [...] — [...] 7. [...] — [...] 8. LAGAB — [...] 9. Lamb(?) — [...] 10. LAGAB — GA2 KU6 (fish) 11. LAGAB — GISZ3 12. SZU TUR

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 188

Obverse 1. 5 (units, N05 numeral) — great/chief (GAL) … [X]; day 1 [...] 2. 5 (N05) — EN2, 3 (N57 units) [...] 3. 5 (N05) — overseer (PA) of the settlement (URU); beer festival (EZEN×KAŠ); day 4 4. Consumed (GU7): beer festival (EZEN×KAŠ); day 6 Reverse (uninscribed / no text given in the transliteration)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 193

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 195

Obverse 1. [...] 7(N14) (= 70 units): GA2~a2 LAGAB~b A SIG 2. [...] : [...] 3. 5(N01) (= 5 units): consumption (GU7) 4. 1(N14) (= 10 units): EN (the lord/official) — DU — GA2~a1 5. 1(N22): GUG2 cakes (?), beer (KASZ~a), BAR 6. 5(N14) 2(N22): DUR~a GA~a (milk/dairy product ?) 7. [...] : X 8. X UR5~a SZU AN NUNUZ~c ZATU788 9. [...] : [...] (Reverse / edge) 10. [...] field (GAN2) [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 199

Obverse (fragment; beginning, right side and end broken) 1. [...] 1 [...], [...] 2. [...], [...] 3. 1: NIM~a 4. 2: SUKKAL (minister) 5. [...]: work troop 6. [...], [...] 7. 2: DU, 3 (small N57 units) female (workers) 8. 2: PU2(?) [...] 9. 1 [...], [...] (Rest of the obverse lost. The reverse and edges show no text that can be read.)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 202

Obverse (?): [...] 1 small grain-measure unit (N39a): A ŠU₂ SAL [...]: [...] 1 (unit): X X 1 (unit): PAP~a X [...] 1 (unit): [...] [...]: [...] 1 (unit): the house (E₂~a) of the Tigris (IDIGNA) 1 (unit): beer (KAŠ~a) X BU~a [...]: [...] (Summary or subscript line:) NE~a DU TE BU~a

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 217

Obverse (column structure not marked in the transliteration) 1. [...] 5 tens (5 N14) [...], [...] 2. 3 tens (3 N14): ŠE~a.NAM2 (a grain-related entry) 3. [...], [...] 4. [...], [...] 5. 3 tens (3 N14): [an unidentified sign] [...] 6. [...], [...] 7. 2 tens (2 N14) [...], [...] 8. 2 tens (2 N14) [...], [...] 9. [...]: GIR3@g~b, head (SAG) [...] 10. [...], [...] (The transliteration gives nothing for the reverse. See reasoning.)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 219

Obverse 1. 1 [unit] and 1 [fractional unit]: MUD NA BU KU6 KISAL ("fish – courtyard") 2. 2 [fractional units]: AN GIR3@g 3. 3 [fractional units]: UB ZI 4. 2 [fractional units]: NUNUZ AMA 5. 1 [fractional unit]: ŠIM E2 6. 1 [fractional unit]: KI [...] Reverse (nothing inscribed)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 31, 047

Obverse [...] [...] 10 (N14) 10 (N14), 2 (N01): PAP~a? EN~a+NUN~b [...] NA2~b? 2 (N01): APIN~a (plow) 1 (N01): UD5~a (she-goat?) [...] Reverse 10 (N15) KISZ

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 31, 054

Obverse(?) 1. [...] cow-calf (DU8×AMAR), household / cattle-stall (AB) 2. 26 salt (MUN) 3. 5 highland (KUR) cow-calf (DU8×AMAR) 4. 3 salt (MUN), house (E2) 5. [...] 6. 2 U4×2(N57) [meaning unknown] 7. [...] (unreadable sign) 8. [...] BAR 9. [...] 10. [...] (unreadable sign) MAR (The transliteration does not mark where the obverse ends and the reverse begins. All ten lines are given above.)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 31, 055

Obverse 1. KISZ [...] 2. salt(?): 5 units [...] 3. salt(?): 3 units [...] 4. 20 (2 × N14) 5. [...] Reverse 1. 5 units: 3 days (U4 × 3) 2. 4 units: 1 day (U4 × 1), ZATU669 3. [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 31, 162

Obverse (probably): [...] [...] MEN, ŠAGAN-jar, GIŠ (wood/tool) 2 (units): sheep, barley — EN (the lord / chief official) [...] 3(N57): UR4 (plucking/shearing) 1: ZATU850 ZATU850 1: NAM2, RU 2: barley, EN; 1(N04): AN [...] Reverse (probably), totals: 20: EN — AB-institution (the AB variant written with a double grain sign and N04 inside) 13: ŠU — AB-institution [3]3 (total): AB-institution

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 31, 166

Obverse, column i 1. 2 (units): SZUM, PA, U4(?), E, ZATU659 2. 2 (units): SANGA official, |ZATU737×DI| 3. 3 (units): GA 4. 1 (unit) [...]: [...] 5. [...]: [...] Obverse, column ii 6. 5 (units): DU(?), TE 7. 3 (units): KAB(?) [...] 8. 3 (units): ZATU659, [one unidentified sign] 9. 2 (units): ZATU659 10. 3 (units): SUG5, [one unidentified sign] 11. [...]: [...] 12. [...]: [...] Reverse 13. 1 ten, 4 (units) [...] [one unidentified sign] [...] 14. 2 tens, 10 (units): DUR 15. (blank before the sign) ZATU659

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 31, 168

Obverse: 1. [...] a SILA3-vessel 2. [...] a SILA3+MUD-vessel 3. 15 (1 ten + 5 ones) SUHUR fish 4. [...] UMUN2, GAL ("great"), TUR ("small"), PA 5. [...] MUD, IB 6. SAL PAP [...] (Reverse: no legible signs survive; the surface is worn and cracked)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 31, 170

(Obverse) [...] [...] 1 jar (DUG~a) 3: NA~a X (unidentified sign) 2: EN~a ŠURUPPAK~a [...] [...] IB~a 5 rams (UDUNITA~a) 1: ZATU676~b [...] KIŠ (The rest is lost or uninscribed; the reverse shows no legible signs.)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 31, 189

Obverse 5 (units): EN (lord/official) […] 5: house (E2) DA 5: EN, SAG (head?) 5: EN, DU 5: (unread sign) 5: (unread sign) 4: MAR […] 5: GAN2 (field) 4: NAGA 2: UB […]: […] 1: MUŠ3 1: ŠE+NAM2 Reverse (total) 91 (1 sixty, 3 tens, 1 unit): house (E2) […]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MRAH O.4995

Reverse (the only part transliterated): 1. 36: AL 2. 8: EN~a, small/young (TUR) 3. 7: U4 with 1 mark, small/young (TUR) 4. 1: U4 with 2 marks, small/young (TUR) 5. 22: U4 with 3 marks, small/young (TUR) 6. (Total) 74: 1(N57) 2(N57); MUN~a1, SU~a, PAP~a, NIM~b2, DARA3~c×KAR2, AL(?) [The heavily inscribed obverse and edges visible in the photograph are not transliterated and are left untranslated here.]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2357

Obverse 1: 1 (unit): SZUBUR SZA3~a 2: 7 (units): MASZ KUR~a ZATU773~a 3: 3 (units): EN~a IB~a PIRIG~b1 4: 1 (unit), 3 (N57): SANGA~a 5: 5 (units): SZUBUR ZATU795 LAM~b 6: 7 (units): KASZ~c DA~a 7: [...] (broken) Reverse Total: 24 (2 tens + 4 units): BA NIM~a

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2358

Obverse, column i: 1. 1 (unit of grain): ŠU TUR PAP (personal name or designation) 2. 1: ŠE SI RU 3. 1: BU ŠE DU 4. 1: ŠE X AB₂ (one sign unread) 5. 1: UDU ANŠE 6. 1: AN EŠDA ŠE Obverse, column ii: 7. KU₃ KI A PA (heading or responsible official/institution) Reverse: 8. 3 (tens-unit): barley. 9. PA KI KU₃ A

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2396

Obverse 1 (individual): KAŠ~c ŠE~a+ŠE~a 1 (individual): ZATU659 1 (individual): UNUG~a KI ZATU773~a 1 (individual): EN~a GI+GI 1 (individual): ANŠE~e UDU~a 1 (individual): KA~a KU6~a 1 (individual): SI KISAL~b1 1 (individual): PAP~a 1 (individual): PA~a (case): BA (empty case) Reverse 9 (individuals in total): BA SU~a PAP~a (case): GAN~a

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2431

Obverse (as transliterated): 1. 1 (N57-unit): SIG RAD 2. 5: BA 3. 9: GI 4. 11: EN 5. 1: KU3 of the E2 (house/institution) 6. 6 (N02): [entry without a written label] Reverse (total): 7. 32; 1 (N57), 2 (N57): MUN, DU, TE, SIG RAD (No further lines are given in the transliteration.)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2433

Obverse 1. 2 (units): UTUA~a (animals of an uncertain category) 2. 4: rams 3. 2: NUN~b (a qualified category of animal) 4. 5 (N02 units): kids 5. 1 (N02 unit): ewe (Case division) 6. 2: she-goats 7. 1: NUN~b (a qualified category of animal) (Case division) Reverse 8. 16 (1 ten and 6 units): small livestock (sheep and goats), in total 9. GI MASZ KI (the official, office or institution responsible; the meaning is unclear)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2434

Obverse (column i) 5(N14) 6(N01) — [commodity broken away] 6(N34) 3(N14) — NE~a NUNUZ~a1 1(N01) — TUN3~a, Dilmun(-type) 1(N01) — PIRIG~b1 SU~a[?] — 1(N57) BA |ŠE~a.NAM2| NAM2 DUB~a ZATU694~c NUNUZ~a1 [...] 1(N01)[?] — [sign unread] [...] Obverse (column ii) 8(N01) — UTUA~a[?] 3(N01) — rams (UDUNITA~a) 1(N14) 1(N01) — NUN~b 9(N01) — kids (MAŠ2) — TE RAD~a SANGA~a — (blank ruled case) Reverse: uninscribed.

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2436

[Obverse] [Entry/heading:] RAD BU SI TE KITI — ZATU795 LAM AN MUŠ3 URU (sign groups, probably personal or institutional designations; untranslated) 2(N15) 1(N02) (a quantity, recorded exactly as written); 2(N57): MUN (salt?) — PAP (supervisor / personnel category); 2(N57): SU [Reverse / summary] RAD KITI SI TE BU ZATU795 LAM RU KI HI KI URU AN MUŠ3 SIG RAD

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2437

Obverse (only the part given in the transliteration; the tablet in the photo holds many more entries) 3: SAL-ZATU628a-UR-AB2 (a female worker or group) 2: SAL-ZATU628a-ŠU-ŠU-ME 2: UŠ-ŠUR2-BU 2: DU-EN2-ZATU628a-SAL Reverse (total) 62 heads (persons)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2438

Obverse 2 ewes (U8) 20 nanny goats (UD5~a) 28 goats (MASZ2) 27 (animals of the category) NUN~b 4 (animals of the category) UTUA~a 10 rams (UDUNITA~a) Reverse (Total:) 91: sheep (UDU~a), fish (KU6~a), bird (MUSZEN), goat (MASZ) 257: X [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2446

Obverse col. i 1. 2 (units): E2-DA 2. 2 (units): A-KAŠ 3. 1 (unit): URI3-IB 4. 1 (unit): MUD 5. 1 (unit): KU-AN 6. 2 (units): E2-SI col. ii 7. (heading/subscript, no numeral): LAGAB ZATU659 NAM2 RAD PA ŠE A — URI3-IB Reverse col. i 8. 2: nanny goats (UD5) 9. 1: UTUA (livestock of an unidentified category) 10. 3: rams (UDU-NITA) 11. 1: NUN (livestock of an unidentified category) 12. 2: kids (MAŠ2) col. ii (total) 13. 9: small livestock (UDU TUR), ZATU659 — URI3-IB

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2497

Obverse (Case 1) 8 [units of] barley — SZUBUR (Case 2) 7 [units] 4 [smaller units of] barley — ZAG, fish (KU6) (Case 3) 3 [units of] barley — SANGA (administrator) (Case 4) 5 [units of] barley — ZATU773~b, kid (MASZ) (Case 5) 5 [units of] barley — HI, U4 (Case 6) settlement (URU), barley [the transliteration gives no numeral for this case] Reverse (Total) 1 [large unit] 7 [units] 4 [smaller units of] barley 1 [N46] 4 [N19] (a second quantity in another measuring system, with no commodity sign) 1 [large unit] 2 [N45] 1 [unit] 4 [smaller units of] barley (Notation of the numerical signs: N34 =…

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2501

(obverse) 8 (units N01) — UR~a(?) GIŠ3~b 1 (ten, N14) [...] 2 (units N01) — DUR~b ZATU819 [...] 1 (unit N01) — GIR3~c BU~a DU A (no numeral preserved) — TE RAD~a SANGA~a [...] [...] — [...] (reverse) 1 (sixty, N34) 1 (ten, N14) 6 (units N01) [...] — [...] 6 (sixties, N34) — NE~a NUNUZ~a2 2 (units N01) — ZATU831@g 1 (unit N01) — AGAR2 1 (unit N01) — TUN3~a [...] — [...] (no numeral preserved) — TE RAD~a SANGA~a x [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2502

Obverse 1. 5(N34) 5(N14) 8(N01) — [x] 1(N57); DUR~b, LAGAB~b (total), RAD~a 2. 3(N34) 1(N14) 7(N01) — DUR~b, BA (allotted) 3. 1(N34) 2(N14) — UR~a, the temple administrator (SANGA~a) 4. 1(N34) 2(N14) 1(N01) — GI (bundle/reed-unit) Reverse 5. (no quantity in the first case) — NAM2, EŠDA(?), 3(N57), PAP~a (supervisor/elder), TE, TUR (small) (Numerical values, read in the sexagesimal system: line 1 = 5×60 + 5×10 + 8 = 358, plus 1 N57; line 2 = 3×60 + 1×10 + 7 = 197; line 3 = 1×60 + 2×10 = 80; line 4 = 1×60 + 2×10 + 1 = 81. The sign transliterated X in line 1 is broken and unread.)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2504

Obverse 9 (units): MAR~a, NA~a(?), sheep (UDU~a), ZATU749~b. 7 (units): sheep (UDU~a), ZATU749~b. (—): ZATU821, GI. (—): NIN, SIG. (—): TE, RAD~a, the temple administrator (SANGA~a). Reverse 1(N14) 6(N01) — i.e. 16 (units): sheep (UDU~a), DUB~a, ZATU749~b. (—): SIG, NIN.

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2506

Obverse 2(N14) [= 20] — sheep — female (ewes) 3(N01) [= 3] — rams 2(N01)[?] [= 2] — kids (young goats) [...] — [...] ŠU ["received/in hand"(?)] — line broken 1(N14) [= 10] — consumed/disbursed (GU7), RAD(?) 3(N01) [= 3] — barley 5(N01) [= 5] — sheep 1(N01) [= 1] — beer 2(N14) [= 20] — bread/food portions (GAR) 1(N01) [= 1] — ŠITA-vessel, oil (NI) Reverse (subscript, no numeral) MUŠ3 — ME — LAL3 (syrup) — ŠUR2[?]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2507

Obverse (col. i) 1. 4(N15)? — E₂ (household/estate) PA (overseer/section-mark) 2. 3(N15)? — IŠ RAD 3. 1(N15)? — ŠU ("hand/received") TUR ("small") 4. 1(N15)? — AN URU (sky/divine; settlement) 5. [… (numeral lost)] — [… ] EN (lord/institutional head) 6. [… ] 1(N14) — IM 7. 1(N14) — E₂ (household/estate) NAGA SI 8. 2(N50) 3(N14) — |ḪI×1(N57)| ZATU756 9. 1(N45) 6(N14) — [ … (entry lost) ] (The left portion of the tablet is broken away; the numerals of lines 5–6 and the designation of line 9 are lost. No further inscribed text is preserved on the reverse beyond the large numerical impressions co…

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2511/1

(obverse) [...] , [...] 1(N57) — allotted(?) 7 (N01) , NI~a NE~a [...] , [...] ... persons(?) 7 (N01) , ZATU659(?) LAGAB~a [...] 3 (N34) 1 (N01) , 1 (N57) — allotted, GIŠ(?) [...] [...] , ... [...] 2 (N01) , ewes 2 (N14) 3 (N01) , she-goats 1 (N01) , ram(?) (UTUA~a) (reverse) (no number preserved) , [...] 2 (N01) , [...] 2 (N01) [...] , [...] (Remainder of the reverse broken; the triangular sign ZATU659 stands alone as a heading/label. Left edge bears only the modern collection number MS 2511.)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2512

Obverse 1. [...] — [...] 2. [...] — [...] (one unidentified sign) 3. [...] — [...] ZATU659 4. [...] — [...] NAGA (natron / soapwort) 5. [...] — [...] MUŠEN (bird), RAD 6. [...] — [...] ZATU659(?) 7. (number lost) — 1(N57) MUN (salt) 8. 1(N01) — IB [...] 9. 1(N01)(?) [...] — [...] (The remainder of the surface, including the lower obverse and much of the reverse, is broken away or effaced; no further continuous entries are recoverable.)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2514

1. 2(N01) — ...(ZATU694), DA DA 2. — NI (oil/fat?), barley, AN, DI, RAD 3. 1(N01) — beer (in a) ...-vessel(?) (ZATU737×E?) 4. — the GAL-official (and) the SANGA-administrator 5. 2(N01) — nanny goats, DI, A 6. 1(N01) — young goat (kid): the chief GAL-official (of?) the SANGA-administrator 7. 3(N01) — BAR(-portions), NI (oil/fat?), barley, AN

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2516

1(N52) — allotted (BA; sign damaged) [...] 1(N52) — ... 2(N01) — received (ŠU2) 3(N01) — reed mats (KID; sign damaged) 1(N01) — [(for) the musician (NAR SU)] 1(N52) — ... [...] — [...] 3(N52) — ... 2(N01) — received (ŠU2) 3(N01) — reed mats (KID) 1(N01) — (for) the musician (NAR SU) 1(N34) (= 60 units) — NIM (entry lost) — [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2520

Obverse 1. [......] , [......] 2. [...] , [...] SIG RAD [...] — "... wool(?)/SIG-quality ... RAD ..." 3. [......] , [......] 4. 1(N02) [...] , ... [...] — "1 (unit of the N02 series) of [a commodity now lost] ..." 5. ... [...] , [......] 6. , ... [......] 7. [......] , [......] 8. [......] , [......] (The entries are almost entirely broken; only the numeral 1(N02), the sign pair SIG RAD, and isolated damaged sign traces survive.)

Economy

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