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~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Lipit-Eštar 01

Lipit-Eštar's self-presentation as 'humble shepherd' who 'established justice' in Sumer and Akkad — predating Hammurabi by roughly 150 years — anchors the ideological lineage of Mesopotamian law-giving kingship.

Law
~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Lipit-Eštar 02

Lipit-Eštar frames the building of his palace as an act of justice for Sumer and Akkad — linking royal construction ideology to the legal reforms that precede Hammurabi by roughly 150 years.

Law
~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Lipit-Eštar 04

Lipit-Eštar names himself 'humble shepherd of Nibru' and 'favourite of Inana' while linking his law-giving directly to temple construction — evidence that Isin kings framed legal reform as a divine mandate, not a civic one.

Law
~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Lipit-Eštar 05

(1) When I, Lipit-Eštar, the humble shepherd of Nibru, the true farmer of Urim, ceaseless provider of Eridug, the en priest suitable for Unug, king of Isin, king of Sumer and Akkad, the favourite of Inana, established justice in Sumer and Akkad, then by the command of Enlil and Nanna I restored Urim and dug its moat.

Law
~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Lipit-Eštar 07

(1) For Inana of Mur, her Inana, Lamassatum, (Lipit-Estar's) mother built the E-maruru, her beloved storehouse in Isin for the well-being of Lipit-Eštar, the shepherd who heeds the gods, king of Sumer and Akkad, spouse of Inana, and also for her (own) well-being.

Law
~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Lipit-Eštar 08

(1) When I, Lipit-Eštar, the king of Sumer and Akkad, established justice in Sumer and Akkad, then I dedicated this (eye-stone) for Ninlil, lady of the gods, the Inana who created me, my mother who bore me, for my well-being.

Law
~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Lipit-Eštar 09add

Lipit-Eštar frames canal construction as an act of justice — yoking hydraulic infrastructure to royal ideology a generation before his more famous law code.

Law
~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Lipit-Eštar 10add

(i 1) When I, Lipit-Eštar, the humble shepherd of Nibru, the true farmer of Urim, ceaseless provider of Eridug, the en priest suitable for Unug, king of Isin, king of Sumer and Akkad, the favourite of Inana, established justice in Sumer and Akkad, then for Nanaya, the beloved child of Inana, my lady, I built the E-me-urur, her beloved storehouse in Isin.

Law
~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Lipit-Eštar 2001 / CDLI Seals 012213 (CDLI Seals 012213 (composite))

(1) Lipit-Eštar, the powerful king, king of Urim: Aya-duga, gudug-abzu priest of Nanna, šita-eša priest, child of Duga-zida, is your servant.

Law
~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Lipit-Eštar 2002

(1) Lipit-Eštar, the powerful king, king of his land: Iddin-Dagan-waqar, the ešabda official, child of Nanna-isag, is your servant.

Law
~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Lipit-Eštar 2003 / CDLI Seals 012214 (CDLI Seals 012214 (composite))

(1) Lipit-Eštar, the powerful king, king of Urim: ..., the scribe, child of Lu-Inana, is your servant.

Law
~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Lipit-Eštar 2004 / CDLI Seals 012216 (CDLI Seals 012216 (composite))

(1) Lipit-Eštar, the powerful king, ....

Law
~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Sin-magir 2001 / CDLI Seals 002462 (CDLI Seals 002462 (physical))

(1) Iddin-damu, the chief builder, child of Iaya, is the servant of Enki and Sin-magir.

Law
~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Sin-magir 2002 / CDLI Seals 002551 and 009452

(1) Imgur-Sin, the temple administrator, child of Sin-iddinam, is the servant of Sin-magir.

Law
~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Sin-magir 2003 / CDLI Seals 012218 (CDLI Seals 012218 (composite))

(1) Ana-damu-taklaku, child of Adata, is the servant of Sin-magir.

Law
~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Šu-ilišu 1

(1) When Šu-ilišu, the powerful man, king of Urim, brought home (the statue of) Nanna from Anšan to Urim, then for Nanna, the most outstanding among the Anuna gods, his master, he built the Dublamah, his place of rendering judgement. He installed for him a decorated two-wing door, and dedicated it to him for his well-being. (19) Whoever gives order to perform a misdeed against this (door), transfers it to a storehouse, or makes another man raise his hand against it on account of this curse, may Nanna, my master, and Ningal, my lady, curse him!

Law
~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Šu-ilišu 2001 / CDLI Seals 012211 (CDLI Seals 012211 (composite))

(1) Šu-ilišu, the powerful king, king of his land: ..., the scribe, the child of Lu-balasaga.

Law
~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Šu-ilišu 2002 / CDLI Seals 012212 (CDLI Seals 012212 (composite))

(1) Šu-ilišu, the powerful man, king of his land: Šara-mutum, the scribe, son of Ur-Šulpae.

Law
~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Šu-ilišu 2003 / CDLI Seals 012026 (CDLI Seals 012026 (composite))

(1) ..., child of ..., servant of Šu-ilišu.

Law
~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Šu-ilišu 3

(1) Because of his great love for Ninisina, Šu-ilišu, the powerful king, king of Sumer and Akkad, built a great city wall whose fearsome radiance silences everyone in order to make the scattered people of the south and highlands secure in their dwellings around Isin. The name of this city wall is “Šu-ilišu is the beloved of Eštar.”

Law
~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Šu-ilišu 4 / CDLI Seals 013691 (CDLI Seals 013691 (composite))

(1) Šu-ilišu, the powerful king, king of Urim, the beloved of Enlil and Ninisina.

Law
~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Ur-Ninurta 1

Royal titulary of Ur-Ninurta of Isin (~1923–1896 BCE) accumulates priestly and pastoral epithets across Nippur, Ur, Eridu, and Uruk, mapping the ideological geography of a dynasty competing to reunify Sumer after Ur III's collapse.

Law
~1925 BCE·Old BabylonianETCSRI

Zambiya 2add

(1) For Ninisina, his lady, Zambiya, the powerful king, king of Isin, king of Sumer and Akkad, built the pure E-niĝar for her joyful festival.

Law
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianRIAo

Aminu 2001

(1) Rībam-ilī, scribe, servant of Aminu.

LawReligion & Myth
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianRIAo

Aminu 2002

(1) Muqaddimum, servant of Aminu.

LawReligion & Myth
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianRIAo

Azuzu 2001 / Man-ištušu 2002

(1) Man-ištūšu, the king of the world. Azuzu, his servant, dedicated (this spear) to the god Beʾal-SI.SI.

LawReligion & Myth
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CCT 1, 06, BM 113531

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — CCT 1, 06, BM 113531. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily Life
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CCT 1, 08, BM 113516

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — CCT 1, 08, BM 113516. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily Life
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CCT 1, 08, BM 113520

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — CCT 1, 08, BM 113520. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily Life
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CCT 1, 09, BM 113380

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — CCT 1, 09, BM 113380. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily Life
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CCT 1, 09, BM 113528

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — CCT 1, 09, BM 113528. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily Life
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CCT 1, 10, BM 113571

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — CCT 1, 10, BM 113571. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily Life
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CCT 1, 12, BM 113436

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — CCT 1, 12, BM 113436. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily Life
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CCT 1, 12, BM 113545

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — CCT 1, 12, BM 113545. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily Life
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CCT 1, 13, BM 113535

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — CCT 1, 13, BM 113535. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily Life
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CCT 1, 15, BM 113469

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — CCT 1, 15, BM 113469. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily Life
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CCT 1, 16, BM 113530

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — CCT 1, 16, BM 113530. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily Life
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CCT 1, 17, BM 113373

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — CCT 1, 17, BM 113373. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily Life
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CCT 1, 18, BM 113446

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — CCT 1, 18, BM 113446. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily Life
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CCT 1, 19, BM 113566

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — CCT 1, 19, BM 113566. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily Life
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CCT 1, 20, BM 113326

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — CCT 1, 20, BM 113326. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily Life
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CCT 1, 21, BM 113515

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — CCT 1, 21, BM 113515. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily Life
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CCT 1, 24, BM 113449

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — CCT 1, 24, BM 113449. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily Life
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CCT 1, 26, BM 113540

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — CCT 1, 26, BM 113540. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily Life
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CCT 1, 27, BM 113547

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — CCT 1, 27, BM 113547. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily Life
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CCT 1, 28, BM 113455

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — CCT 1, 28, BM 113455. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily Life
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CCT 1, 29, BM 113319

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — CCT 1, 29, BM 113319. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily Life
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CCT 1, 30, BM 113538

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — CCT 1, 30, BM 113538. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily Life
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CCT 1, 31, BM 113525

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — CCT 1, 31, BM 113525. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily Life
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CCT 1, 32, BM 113371

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — CCT 1, 32, BM 113371. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily Life