All tablets.

Naram-Suen 2020 / CDLI Seals 005992 (CDLI Seals 005992 (composite))

(1) Naram-Suen, the god of Akkad, En-men-ana, the en-priestess of Nanna, his child: ..., the scribe, is her slave.

Sargon 2003 / CDLI Seals 001436 (CDLI Seals 001436 (physical))

(1) En-hedu-ana, child of Šarrukin: Ilum-palil is her hairdresser.

Sargon 2004 / CDLI Seals 001437 (CDLI Seals 001437 (physical))

(1) Adda, steward of En-hedu-ana.

Sargon 2005 / CDLI Seals 012025 (CDLI Seals 012025 (composite))

(1) En-hedu-ana, child of Šarrukin: ... is her servant.

Amarna letter. Letter from Yapahu (ruler of Gezer) to the Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep III or son Akhenaten

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Amarna letter. Letter from Yapahu (ruler of Gezer) to the Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep III or son Akhenaten. Yapahu requests help against Hapiru (Biblical Hebrews), a…

Daily Life

Clay tablet. Old Akkadian account text about fields. 2334-2004 BCE. From Iraq. Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Clay tablet. Old Akkadian account text about fields. 2334-2004 BCE. From Iraq. Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin.

Cuneiform Akkadian clay tablet 1

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (Public domain). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Small clay tablet with cuneiform writing on both sides (in Akkadian language), from Early Old Babylonian period. It displays an account of labor, specifically refe…

Cuneiform tablet- account text concerning bitumen, Quradum archive MET ME86 11 134

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Akkadian; Cuneiform tablet; Clay-Tablets-Inscribed

Cuneiform tablet- house sale contract, Quradum archive MET ME86 11 204

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Akkadian; Cuneiform tablet; Clay-Tablets-Inscribed

AAICAB 1/2, pl. 140, 1971-349

Obverse 1. 20 gur of barley, (measured in) the gur-sag-gal₂ (unit): 2. Gala, the chief carpenter. 3. 20 (gur): Ur-e, the leather-worker; 4. 20 (gur): Inim-Utu; 5. 20 (gur): En-anne, the SIG15@v; 6. (no amount written) Gala, the SIG15@v; 7. 20 (gur): Ad-kup-gal. 8. They are men of Nu-ira (?). 9. The farmer is its commissioner. (Reverse: uninscribed)

AAICAB 1/3, pl. 245, Bod S 295

Obverse: 2 barig of beer-bread (bappir), (by the measure of) Akkade; 2 barig of groats (nig-ar-ra); 2 barig of malt; 2 barig of flour; 2 ban of fine flour: Mama-hursag. Reverse: Total: 1 gur 3 barig 2 ban of flour, (by the) gur of Akkade; (including) 2 ban of fine flour. Year 3, month 7 (month-sign ITI×(UD×S×TIL)).

AAICAB 1/4, Bod S 340

Obverse 1 barig 3 ban of fine flour of Akkade(-type); 1 gur 1 barig of gu-flour; 3 gur of barley flour (dabin); 2 gur 3(?) ban of barley for malt flour; 2 ban ... [AN?] ... la ... (Lower edge / reverse, badly worn) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 barig(?) ... ... ... ... (for) 2 years (and) 2 months.

AAS 009

Obverse 1. 2 jars of beer, (each) 5 ban, 2. 2 jars of beer, (each) 3 ban: 3. extra ne-sag offering. Reverse 4. Total: 2 barig 4 ban, their barley (equivalent). 5. Year 6, month 8.

AAS 012

2 sheep, "chosen by the heart" (i.e. selected for offering); 1 lamb, the portion of UD-ḪUB2; 1 lamb, (for) Dumuzi; 1 lamb, (for) Lugal-pa'e; 1 sheep, (for) the cook; 5 lambs, (for) the Abzu; [1]1 sheep, kid(?), returned (šu-gi4-gi4); Total: 14 sheep, 10 minus 1 (= 9) lambs. Expenditure (booked out).

AAS 202

[...] ... [...] 1 (male worker): Kal-la(?) [...] 1: Me-pa-x(?) 1: Ur-[...] 1: Lugal-maškim [1]: Lu-[...] [1]: Lu₂ [...] [...] Pa-geš-[...] Its inspection was carried out. 7 years, 5 months.

AAS 203

2 iku (GAN₂) 30 sar — barley ... ..., son of Adda [...] 2 sar — barley: Aš-e [n] iku [...] barley Adda-iri 2 iku, barley: Di-sude, the cook 5 (+ n) iku, barley: Ur-Ninkitušgub, the minister (sukkal) 2 iku of the "surplus field" (e₂-diri), its geš-UD — barley: Ur-Inanna, stationed at the nesag-offering. (reverse) Field of the "surplus field" (e₂-diri): DAG-gub.

Adab 0660

(obverse) [...] courtyard, hand(?) [...] [...] Šeš-šeš [1 gur?], the chief lamentation-priest [...] [...] the chief boatman [...] Sag-ad-gal [...] the vizier of the E-duga [...] the vizier [...] 1 (gur) — E-pa'e and Ur-Ašgi: they are the gardeners. 1 (gur) — Ur-GAN₂-IŠ and Lugal-KA. 1 (gur) — Su-bir-a.

Adab 0663

10 workmen [...] Their barley: 2 gur, (by the measure of) Agade. Their oil: 5 sila. Their wages: 10 shekels of silver. For 1 month. From Adab. Total: 1/2 [mina, n shekels of silver]. Total: 7 gur of barley, (by the measure of) Agade. Total: 2 ban of oil. Remainder(?): Gissu. The house(?) [...]

Adab 0666

1 ku-object of the si-sa₂ type, of ni-na — its weight: 50 minus 2 shekels (= 48 shekels). 1 ku-object of the si-sa₂ type, of ni-na — its weight: 1/3 (mina and) [16 shekels]. 1 SAG×U-object of ni-na — its weight: 1/2 mina. Total: 2 mina minus 6 shekels of ni-na. Du-ga-ni, the merchant. Delivery (mu-kux).

Adab 0669

Obverse 2 gur less 7 sila of barley, 1 gur 2 ban 5 sila of emmer: Ur-Iškur. 10 gur of barley: Me-sag. [...] [...] ... [...] Reverse 4 gur ... of barley, 3 gur [...] of emmer — as one (sum) it was reckoned. 50 gur 3 barig [...]: the brewery of the governor. 9 gur (10 less 1) [of ...]: the kitchen of the governor. [Total: x+]2 gur 2 barig 2 sila of barley.

Adab 0676

1 (person): Lu-dingira, servant of the king. 1: Bar-ra-dingir, brother of Me-sag. 1: Lugal-entarsu. 1: Iqbi-gi, brother of Beli-laba. [1: ...]-šarrum. (reverse) Total: 5 workmen. [Scribe?]s they are.

Adab 0684

Obverse 1,525 gur 1 barig 3 ban2 of barley — En-abzu (was) the commissioner. 1,011 gur of barley (1,020 less 9) — field Za-til, field GAN2-ISZ: Inim-ma (was) the commissioner. [...] 227 gur 1 barig of barley. [Grand total:] 431 gur 1 barig 3 ban2 5 sila of barley. Grand total: 1 mina 4 shekels, one-quarter (shekel), 2½ grains of silver — the interest/rent of the field. Grand total: 43 sheep — sheep (paid in) silver, sheep (paid in) barley: 22½. pa-LAGAB-pa-LAGAB-ba (unexplained entry) [...] stationed (present). [...] it is.

Adab 0692

Obverse 20 [...] nu-[...] 51 [...] 51 Lu-[...] 51 Ur-sa 50 [...] Gissu 50 [...]-tur Reverse Total: 615 ninda (of) levee. Field of the House of the Great Pigs. En-anna-tum; its commissioner: Lugal-ša-za-[...]

Adab 0693

(Break — beginning lost) [...] [...] [...] the house of Gab-[...]; 1 orchard: Nar-[...]; 1 orchard: Lu-banda; the house of Dada; 1 orchard: Ur-mes; the mound of Bilgames (Gilgamesh); 2 orchards: Nippur; 1 orchard: Ur-ba-[...]; [1 orchard:] Pirig-nam; (line broken) 1 orchard: Ur-[...]; Total(?): [n ...]-sag.

Adab 0695

10 less 1 (= 9) nisqu (choice-quality ones), 30 less 3 (= 27) šadu, foreman: Enlila. 1 mašada-boat, [1] lead boat ... ... (Break) (This is) what [PN] says: to my master speak — let him give (them) to you!

Daily LifeEconomy

Adab 0696

1 (man): Da-akkil, 1 (man): Utu-saga, 1 (man): Ur-Enlila, 1 (man): Girini — foreman: Da-akkil. 1 (man): Idi-i7, 1 (man): Išarrum, 1 (man): Inima, <1 (man)>: Ur-nigar — foreman: Idi-i7.

Adab 0698

(obverse) [2 ban] less 2 sila (and) 5 shekels of [barley], gur(-measure): regular offerings (sa₂-du₁₁). Barley that is on hand (gal₂-la). Deficit (la₂-ia₃): 10 gur, 1 barig, 1 ban (and) 5 sila of emmer. (remainder of obverse and the reverse uninscribed)

Adab 0717

(obverse) [...] 30(?) gur of barley in the Agade (measure), ... gur, 2 [...], 1 barig, 1 ban, 6 sila [...], [...] in [Aga]de, ... [...] ... [...] Total: 91 gur, 2 barig, 3 ban of barley in the Agade (measure), received(?) — Umma. [...] gur of barley in the Agade (measure), [...] Adab. [Total: ...] 21(?) gur, 2 barig(?), [n ... of barley in the Agade measure]. (Break) (reverse) Bizza[za] rec[eived]; in Adab. ... [...]

Adab 0718

(obverse) 10 gur of barley, issue(?) of Nasa-...; 6 (gur): Ašgi-pa'e; 4 shekels of silver — its barley (equivalent): 3 gur — [En]lile, [...]...-ni, the cupbearer. Total: 20 minus 1 (= 19) gur of barley. Ur-Mamu received (it). (reverse) Therefrom: 16 (gur): (the estate) E-GAN-i(?); returned (repaid) into the hand. Deficit: [3 gur 2 barig of barley] — Ur-Mamu.

Adab 0726

OBVERSE: 240 (4 × 60) gur of barley, in the standard measure — the boat of En-ane; 240 (4 × 60) gur of barley — the boat of Inima. Total: 480 (8 × 60) gur of barley [in the standard measure], from Dada the steward. (Break) REVERSE: ... Nippur ... it was given to him. Lu-lal, the scribe: the account was made for him. Against Dada the steward it was not deducted (charged).

Adab 0727

1 ban 5 sila of barley for beer, gur(-measure), at the regular-offering (sattukku) rate, for 7 days; 3 ban 7 sila less 10 shekels of barley for bread, 1 ban 2 sila of emmer for bread [...], for 5 days; 1 barig less 3 sila of barley for beer each, for 8 days; 3 ban less 1 1/2 sila of barley for bread each, 6 sila [...], for [n] days. Total: 13(?) [gur, n sila ... of barley]; total: 2 gur less 1 barig, [n x sila of emmer]. (For) the snake-[charmer]. Im(?)-[...] (rest broken).

Adab 0733

3 gur less 1 barig of barley, in the Agade (gur-measure) — Namtur; 3 gur less 1 barig of barley — Ur-[me]; 2 gur 4 barig of barley — Ur-lam; Total: 8 gur 2 barig of barley.

Adab 0745

9 less 1 gur of barley — Lugal-igitab; 8 less 3 gur of barley — Lugal-ĝeš: [barley] threshed, of the plowmen, from the fort of Ur-ab. Inima, the scribe, delivered (it); into the house of A-me he filled it. It is the second time.

Adab 0751

(Obverse) [5 gur] 3 ban of [barley], 1 ban: hire of the boatman, silver for the purchase of fish; 7 gur 2 barig of barley, 4 ban 5 sila, 1 ban 5 sila: hire of the boat[man] — (at) the New Year. Total: 1 barig 4 ban of barley. (At/for) the Nin-mudu canal. (Reverse) Enlilla, the nu-eš priest, received (it). It is the 7th time.

Adab 0752

(obverse) Deficit: 7 minas of bread — (of the) Emah (temple); 15 — (of the) E-GAN-ISH (house); [6] — (of the temple of) Ashgi; 8 2/3 — (of the temple of) Ishkur; 3 — (of the temple of) Inanna. (reverse) Total: 40 minas less 1/3 (mina) of bread. It is the deficit.

Adab 0753

(obverse) 2 ban (of barley): Lugal-abba-iri(?), 1 ban: Lu-ašgi, 1 ban: Ur-nigar, 1 ban: Šu-illa [...], ... [...] (two illegible signs), 1 ban: [Lugal]-ka(?), — choice quality (nisqu) — 1 ban 6 sila: the temple administrator (sanga) of Iškur, 1 ban: the boatmen, [...]: Ur-pirigga.

Adab 0759

(obverse) 38 gur 3 barig less 2 sila and 10 shekels of [barley], (by the) gur (measure), as regular offerings (sa₂-du₁₁); [...] 2 gur 1 barig of emmer; [...] ... (traces, perhaps 'a'); (reverse) Month: Akiti.

Adab 0760

1(?) bread [...] 2 fish [...] 2 [...] beer, (for) the temple administrator of (the god) Ašgi. 1(?) bread, 3 (measures of) bran, 4(?) split (dried) fish, x bundles of [greens], 2 (jars of) beer, (for) the chief cupbearer. Delivery.

Adab 0772

(obverse) 2 — ...-tar-..., 2 — Lugal-iti[da], 2 — Ur-[Niluda?], 2 — Akadi, 11 — Lugal-igi. (reverse) [...] 2 (units of) field (GAN2): Ur-Ištaran.

Adab 0773

5 gur of barley — Šulgi; 8 gur of barley — the son of Beli-gu; 5 gur 1 barig — the porter(s) (ug-IL); 7 gur 1 barig 1 ban — Ur-e: Ur-e, the son of Beli-gu, received (it).

Adab 0776

(obverse) 17 gur 2 barig of barley, available capital (sag-gal₂), (of) Ur-sag, field of the surveyor (lu₂-eš₂-gid₂, 'rope-stretcher'); 10 gur 1 barig 3 ban of barley, field of the sukkal (minister), under lease (apin-la₂); 20 [gur] of barley. (reverse uninscribed)

Adab 0793

10 gur (and) 1 barig of barley, 2 ban: the fare/hire of the boatman. Ur-dingir-tur [...] the female workers of the household [...] (at) the canal Nin-[mudu]. Enlila, the nueš-priest, received (it).

Adab 0799

(obverse) 3 ban less 1 sila — first quality(?) ... — (for) Lu-dingira; 3 ban(?) — (for) Lu-dingira; 1 ban less 1 sila — (for) Nanna-[...]-zu; 2 ban less 1 sila — (for) Ur-ME; ... first quality(?) ... (reverse uninscribed)

Adab 0800 + 1011

[1 gur, x] of barley — groats — gur (measure), standard (measure), (for) the merchant(s). 1 gur 2 barig: Ur-Ninsun. 1 gur 2 barig: Lugal-kesz. 1 gur [2 barig]: Ur-Ištaran. [1 gur] 2 barig: Di-Utu. [...]: Šu-na. [...]: Lugal-hili. [...]: Lu-lila. [...]: Edin-bi-še. [...]: Sipa-ane. [...]: Šeš-saga. [...]: E-tum(?). [...] ... From/place of [...]

Adab 0806

Obverse 1. 4 gur [3 ban] of barley — (from/for) Agade; 2. barley rations of the servant(s) of the king 3. and the servant(s) of the house of [...]; 4. [n] gur of barley, 5. the king (of?) Ur [...]; Reverse 6. 2 barig [...] 7. ...-dada; 8. issued (by) Bizaza.

Adab 0815

1 female slave — 15 shekels of silver: An-tum. For 10 shekels of silver, Al-kalla, by the name of the king, … he transferred (it) to him. Ĝissu was the commissioner for it. 1 shekel of silver — bronze — he weighed out to him. 1: Ur-nigar, the merchant; 1: Nin-mashe; 1: Nin-nam — these are its witnesses.

LawEconomy

Adab 0821

30 gur-mah of barley — loaded into the boat. 20 (gur): Meme; 20 (gur): A'a'a; 2 gur 2 barig: Enšu; 5 gur: barley rations of the female workers; 2 barig: Lu-unu; KU, the goldsmith. Total: 78 (i.e. 80 less 2) gur-mah of barley. Barley expended (from) the treasury storehouse.

Adab 0825

(Account of) the merchant: 2 gur 2 barig of barley, 1 ban 5 sila; 5 sila — the ferry-fee (addir) of the boatman. Ur-mes, the suda'um; (at?) the canal Nin-mudu. Enlila, the nueš-priest, received (it).

Adab 0826

2 barig (of barley): the chief ensi (governor). 2 barig: the chief boatman. 2 barig: the chief smith. 2 barig: Ur-kal, the smith. 1 barig: En-šu, the barber. [1 barig]: Diku, herdsman of donkeys. 2 barig: Kašda, the resident. 2 barig: Igi-du. 2 barig: Su-si.