Position in chronology
TCBI 1, 069
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P382321.
Why it matters
Transliteration
5(asz@c) nindax(DU) kin simug-gal# [...] nagar#-gal [...] [...] [...] [...] x [...] 5(asz@c) szitim-gal szunigin 2(u@c) 5(asz@c) nindax(DU) kin GAN2# x-kam
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Akkadian (ca. 2340-2200 BC)) — TCBI 1, 069. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Banca d'Italia, Rome, Italy (P382321) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P382321..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.