Position in chronology
SF 002
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P010567.
Why it matters
Transliteration
sud3-kur-ra-diri e-lum-[an?]-dul3-[(...)] [...]-sze3-[...] [...] e-lum-aga3-zi e2-sza3-an-dul3-lal3 e-lum-szud3#?-da nin-AB-anzux(MI)
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC)) — SF 002. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin, Germany (P010567) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P010567..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.