Position in chronology
BAM 1, 005
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P281807.
Why it matters
Transliteration
[...] x _sag_-su# x [...] [... _sag]-ki#_-su _szu-du8-a_ x x [x x] [... x]-su# ana _sag-du_-szu2 _nu_ ta#-[x x] [... x]-pi# _egir_-szu2 _numun gada_ ta-sak3-[ma] [mal2]-ma#-lisz _i3#-gesz#_ eri-a-na [...] [...] _szu# nu u2 sze-sa nita kur-[ra?]_ [...] sa#? [x] x x x [...] [...] _erin#?_ [...] [...] _i3#-gesz# erin#? hi-hi szesz2#?_ [...] _sza3_-szu2 _szub_-di _szesz2#?_
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Middle Assyrian (ca. 1400-1000 BC)) — BAM 1, 005. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin, Germany (P281807) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P281807..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.