Position in chronology
BAM 2, 119
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P281817.
Why it matters
Transliteration
[...] x x x [...] x x x [...] x-ma _giri3-min_-szu2 ana _sza3 szub_-di x [...] [_DISZ na giri3-min_-szu2 i]-szam#-ma-ma-szu2 a-tal-la-kam2 la i-le#-['-i ...] [...] kam-ka-du _har-hum-ba-szir_ [x ...] [...] HU szum4-ma _en-te-na_ ba-ah-ru-su [...] [...] x _gu2 lal?_-su-ma _ti#_ [... _]li erin szur-min_ GESZ# [x] x x x [...] [...] _giri3#-min_-szu2 tu-la#?-[']-bu# _i3-gesz erin# szesz_-[su ...] [...] x x [...] x-ma _ti_ [...] _li_ [x ...] [...] x [...]
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Middle Assyrian (ca. 1400-1000 BC)) — BAM 2, 119. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin, Germany (P281817) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P281817..
Related tablets
Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.