Position in chronology
BAM 3, 263
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P285347.
Why it matters
Transliteration
_gur2-gur2 li#_ [...] _kur-kur masz_ _ses_ x _illu buluh_ ap2-ru-szu2 _an-ki-nu-te#_ _numun_ szu2-mut-te _kur-ra_# ku-di-mi _pesz10-id2_ _numun hur-sag_ _naga si_ KU.KU _si-dara4_ _usz2_ x x _usz2#_ e#-re#-nu# szu-lu-ut, [...] x [...] a-na nap-szal-ti [...] x _lal_ LI# x NISZ ra#-ma-ni-[x] _lu2#-masz-masz_ ma-hi-ir
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Middle Assyrian (ca. 1400-1000 BC)) — BAM 3, 263. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin, Germany (P285347) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P285347..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.