Position in chronology
KAJ 209
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P282222.
Why it matters
Transliteration
1(disz) _udu_ i+na _u4_ 1(u) 4(disz)-_kam2_ a-na _e2_ gu-la a#-na# pa-ni gu-la e#-pisz ki-i ti-ru sza gi-za-ia la-a t,a-bu-ni 3(disz) _udu_ na-mur-tu sza 3(u)-mu-szal-lim _agrig_ la-a mah-ru 3(u)-ibila-szum2 _ni-gal_ iq-t,i2-bi ma-a ul-tu _ka2_ u2-s,i# kal-mar-tu li-mu 3(u)-sze-ia
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Middle Assyrian (ca. 1400-1000 BC)) — KAJ 209. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin, Germany (P282222) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P282222..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.