Position in chronology
SAA 02 005. Esarhaddon’s Treaty with Baal, King of Tyre (Ash pl. 3+)
Translation — scholar edition
SAA 2(i 1) [The treat]y of Esarhad[don, king] of Assyria, son of [Sennacherib likewise king of Assyria, with Baa]l, king of Tyre, with [..., his son, and his other sons and grandsons, with a]ll [Tyrians], young and old [... (Break) (i 5) or ...[......] (i 6) or [......] (i 7) or with [......] (i 8) not[......] (i 9) if [......] not ...[......] (i 10) If Assyr[ia ......] (i 11) ... you [......]...[......] (Break) (ii 10) [......] according to [...] (ii 11) [......] let [...] (ii 12) [......] ...[...] (ii 13) [...... t]o the ex[empt] (Break) (iii 1) [......] from ... until [......] (iii 2) [......]…
State Archives of Assyria, volume 2 — scholar edition (ORACC).
Spotted an error? Suggest a correction — confirmed corrections feed the engine's knowledge base.
Transliteration
[a-de]-e šá m⸢aš-šur⸣—PAB*—⸢AŠ* MAN*⸣ KUR—aš-šur.KI DUMU m*⸢d*⸣[30—PAB-MEŠ—SU MAN KUR—aš-šur.KI-ma] / [TAv mba-a]-⸢lu⸣ MAN KUR.ṣur-ri TAv m⸢x⸣+[x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x] / [TAv KUR.ṣur-ri gab]-⸢bi*⸣-šú* TUR GAL [x x x x x x x x x x x x x] / [x x x x x] ⸢x x x⸣ [x x x x x x x x x x x x x] / ⸢lu-u x x⸣ [x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x] / lu-u e-[x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x] /…
Scholarly note
Neo-Assyrian treaty or loyalty oath, edited by Simo Parpola & Kazuko Watanabe (SAA 2, 1988). Binding agreement invoking divine sanction. ORACC text P336126.
Attribution
Image: Adapted from Simo Parpola and Kazuko Watanabe, Neo-Assyrian Treaties and Loyalty Oaths (State Archives of Assyria, 2), 1988. Lemmatised by Mikko Luukko, 2016, as part of the research programme of the Alexander von Humboldt Chair in the Ancient History of the Near and Middle East at LMU Munich (Karen Radner, Humboldt Professorship 2015). The annotated edition is released under the Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike license 3.0. Please cite this page as http://oracc.org/saao/P336126/..
Translation excerpted from Parpola, S. & Watanabe, K. 1988. Neo-Assyrian Treaties and Loyalty Oaths. SAA 2. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa02/P336126/.
Related tablets
Related sources
An early example of administrative writing from Uruk. Its fragmentary numerical entries and commodity signs document record-keeping during the formative period of writing.
An early witness to systematic administrative notation at Kish. Its signs and numerals can be catalogued, but that does not establish a full translation or prove that it is the world's first writing.
An early surviving historical monument that joins named rulers, a territorial dispute and religious oaths. It shows how a city-state turned victory into a lasting public claim, without establishing that this was the first recorded conflict.