Position in chronology
RINAP 4 Esarhaddon 015, ex. 001
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P450411.
Transliteration
[...]-'a-a [...] [...] szit-ku-nu [...] [... na?]-gab _erim_-a ma-[...] [...]-lu _erim kur2_ al-si-ma _[..._] [...] e-te-ne2-ep-pu-szu si-[...] [... tar-qu-u _lugal_] ku-u-si a-di gi-mir _erim_-[szu2 ...] [... _munus-e2-gal]-mesz_-szu2 _munus-erim-e2-gal-mesz_-szu2 _dumu-mesz_-szu2 [...] [... mim-ma] szum-szu2 sza2 ni-ba la i-szu2-u2 szal-[la-tisz am-nu ...] [...] _ARAD2-mesz_-ia ap-qid-ma ma-lak [...] [...]-ia# _kur_ asz-szur [...]
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Neo-Assyrian (ca. 911-612 BC)) — RINAP 4 Esarhaddon 015, ex. 001. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: British Museum, London, UK (P450411) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P450411..
Related tablets
Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.