Position in chronology
TJA UMM H 19
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P315363.
Transliteration
[a-na] e#-s,i#-[di-im] _ki#_ szum-szu-nu _ensi2#_ a-na qa2-be2-e ba-[asz-ti-il-a-bi] _dumu_ ri-szi-ia# i3-li2-i-qi2-sza-am x [x?] _szu ba-an-ti_ _u4 buru14-sze3 erin2 sze gur10-ku5_ i-il#-[la-ak] [u2]-ul i-il-la-ak-ma [ki-ma s,i-im-da-at szar-ri]
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC)) — TJA UMM H 19. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Manchester Museum, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK (P315363) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P315363..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.