Position in chronology
ZABR 25, 001-012
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P460575.
Why it matters
Transliteration
1(asz) gur sze szu ti-a zi-ba-tim ki sanga#? [iti?...] [u4 n]-kam [mu ...?] zi-ba#-tum dumu-munus i-si2-qa-tar dam-tab-ba lu-usz-ta-mar
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC)) — ZABR 25, 001-012. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Free Library of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA (P460575) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P460575..
Related tablets
Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.