Position in chronology
RIME 4.01.04.05, ex. add18
Not yet translated
This tablet is catalogued with its transliteration, but no published translation exists yet. Our translation engine works through the untranslated corpus every night, oldest first — this page will update the day its turn comes. If you are a specialist and can read it, we would love your help.
The world it comes from
Hammurabi, the Epic of Gilgamesh, mathematics.
From the same catalogue range (near P272788)
Transliteration
isz-me-da-gan nita kal-ga lugal i3-si-in-na lugal an-ub-da limmu2-ba-ke4 u4 nibru iri ki-ag2 en-lil2-la2 gu2-bi mu-un-du8 erin2-bi kaskal-ta ba-ra-an-zi-ga-a bad3-gal i3-si-in-na mu-un-du3 bad3-ba isz-me-da-gan en-lil2-da a2-an-gal mu-bi-im
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — RIME 4.01.04.05, ex. add18. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Kress 001 (private: anonymous, Germany) — from uncertain (mod. uncertain) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (cdli.earth/artifacts, P272788). source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P272788..
Related tablets
Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.