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A curated narrative reconstruction of humanity's first great civilization, sourced from the tablets themselves. Open scholarship, beautifully accessible.

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Independent scholarship · No academic affiliation · No institutional funding · Tablet imagery attributed per item via CDLI, ETCSL, ORACC, Wikimedia, and public museum collections.

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Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemenid Persian

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Page 1 / 259

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

Clay tablet, late Uruk period, 3300-3100 BCE. Proto-cuneiform signs, food issue list " rations" written by combining a human head and a bowl. Purchased via Christie's in 1989, with contribution from the British Museum Friends

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Clay tablet, late Uruk period, 3300-3100 BCE. Proto-cuneiform signs, food issue list " rations" written by combining a human head and a bowl (the triangular object…

·Daily Life

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CDLI Lexical 000002, ex. 188

1(N01) , NAM-ESZDA 1(N01) , NAM2 KAB[?] 1(N01) , NAM2 DI 1(N01) , NAM2 NAM2 1(N01) , NAM2 URU[?] 1(N01) , PA~a ŠE~a NAM2 1(N01) , NAM2 RAD~a 1(N01) , AB~a ME~a[?] 1(N01) , GAL~a X 1(N01)[?] , EN[?] [...] 1(N01)[?] , X [...] 1(N01)[?] , X [...] 1(N01)[?] , [...] 1(N01)[?] , [...] [N] 1(N14) , EN~a 2(N57) [E2 ...]

Writing & Literature·Daily Life

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

Trudy Otdela Vostoka 3 p. 27ff.:2

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk III (ca. 3200-3000 BC)) — Trudy Otdela Vostoka 3 p. 27ff.:2. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Religion & Myth·Daily Life

~2800 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

CDLI Lexical 000002, ex. 191

[...] |1(N58).BAD~a| EN, IB [...] Linen-cloth(?) SUKKAL (vizier) Great one, GARA2 Garment, GARA2 [...] Great one of the throne-base Great one of |ZATU737xDI| SANGA-priest of |ZATU737xX| SANGA-priest of |ZATU737xX| [ZATU725(?)] [DAM(?)] (spouse/wife?)

Writing & Literature·Daily Life

~2800 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

CDLI Lexical 000003, ex. 034

1 unit — NAM2[...] 1 unit — GAL~a (great/large) SZAH2~a 1 unit — NAM2 APIN~a (plow [official]) 1 unit — GAL~a [...] 1 unit — GAL~a SZAB~a 1 unit — PA~a NAM2 [...] 1 unit — AB~a [...] 1 unit — GAL~a [...]

Writing & Literature·Daily Life

~2800 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

MS 1952/37

1. [fish (KU6~a)] TU~b 2. NAM2 NAM2 3. NAM2(?) GIR2~b 4. DU AN A 5. SZUDUN(?) RI 6. SZUDUN(?) GIR2~b 7. [X] A NI~b 8. NE~a U4 RA 9. NI~b RA 10. SZE3 BU~a 11. U4 SZIDIM GIR3@g~b[?] 12. IL GUB3~c [X] 13. [X] ZATU726~a(?) UR~a(?) NI~b DUR2(?) 14. HI A[?]

Religion & Myth·Daily Life

~2800 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

Fs Krecher 330-332 01

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED I-II (ca. 2900-2700 BC) ?) — Fs Krecher 330-332 01. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & Literature·Daily Life

~2800 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

Fs Krecher 342-343 11

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED I-II (ca. 2900-2700 BC) ?) — Fs Krecher 342-343 11. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & Literature·Daily Life

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

CDLI Literary 006205, ex. 010

[...] she-goat(?) [LAK20] — [...] place(?) — not having [...] ... place GU [...] LUM — not having [...] servant/Subarian [...] MAR — not having [... ...] ... not(?) — [dairy/ghee?] [complex sign cluster] — not eggs/roe — fish — not LI TAR [...] ... [...] KU [... ...]

Religion & Myth·Daily Life

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

CUSAS 35, 028

1 Ur-Ninmug, 1 Ur-Šer7-da — Adab: they are stationed there; may [it] be settled; asz11-lum, iritum — šu-[x]-DU-NI (plural).

Daily Life·Economy

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

CUSAS 35, 269

1 (person): Ur-E2, [son of] Lugalsisa, fisherman; 1 (person): Enlil-la, cupbearer; 1 (person): Du-du; Ur-lu2, farmer; 1 (person): Ur-Nin-[...], Ur-E2-Igi-Nim; An-ne-šum2; Be-li2-du10.

Daily Life·Economy

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

MRAH O.5015

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC)) — MRAH O.5015. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily Life·Economy

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

SF 014

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC)) — SF 014. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & Literature·Daily Life

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

CDLI Literary 000782, ex. 003

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC)) — CDLI Literary 000782, ex. 003. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Religion & Myth·Daily Life

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

CDLI Literary 006205, ex. 001

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC)) — CDLI Literary 006205, ex. 001. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Religion & Myth·Daily Life

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

CDLI Literary 006205, ex. 002

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC)) — CDLI Literary 006205, ex. 002. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Religion & Myth·Daily Life

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

OSP 1, 001

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC)) — OSP 1, 001. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Religion & Myth·Daily Life

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

OSP 1, 003

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC)) — OSP 1, 003. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Religion & Myth·Daily Life

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

SF 018

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC)) — SF 018. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Religion & Myth·Daily Life

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

SF 031

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC)) — SF 031. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Religion & Myth·Daily Life

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

SF 036

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC)) — SF 036. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Religion & Myth·Daily Life

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

SF 038

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC)) — SF 038. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Religion & Myth·Daily Life

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

SF 039

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC)) — SF 039. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Religion & Myth·Daily Life

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

SF 040

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC)) — SF 040. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Religion & Myth·Daily Life

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

SF 045

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC)) — SF 045. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Religion & Myth·Daily Life

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

SF 049*

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC)) — SF 049*. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Religion & Myth·Daily Life

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

SF 050

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC)) — SF 050. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Religion & Myth·Daily Life

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

SF 050*

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC)) — SF 050*. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Religion & Myth·Daily Life

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

SF 051

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC)) — SF 051. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Religion & Myth·Daily Life

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

SF 052

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC)) — SF 052. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Religion & Myth·Daily Life

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

SF 053

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC)) — SF 053. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & Literature·Daily Life

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

SF 056

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC)) — SF 056. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Religion & Myth·Daily Life

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

SF 078

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC)) — SF 078. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Religion & Myth·Daily Life

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

OIM A33679

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC)) — OIM A33679. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & Literature·Daily Life

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

SF 055

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC)) — SF 055. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Religion & Myth·Daily Life

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

SF 060

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC)) — SF 060. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Religion & Myth·Daily Life

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

TSŠ 0271

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIa (ca. 2600-2500 BC)) — TSŠ 0271. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Religion & Myth·Daily Life

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

CDLI Lexical 000003, ex. 011

šušx pa-nam-šita chief purification priest (iszib) great [BADxDIŠ-official] lord of IB chief šita-official abgal (grand sage) kingal tiru (palace attendant) [...] sukkal ([...] vizier/messenger) [...] x stone(?) x life/arrow(?) KAx[...] na [...] (too fragmentary to render)

Writing & Literature·Daily Life

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

Nik 1, 177

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIb (ca. 2500-2340 BC)) — Nik 1, 177. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily Life·Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

Nik 1, 309

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIb (ca. 2500-2340 BC)) — Nik 1, 309. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily Life·Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

OSP 1, 037

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIb (ca. 2500-2340 BC)) — OSP 1, 037. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & Literature·Daily Life

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

OSP 1, 004

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIb (ca. 2500-2340 BC)) — OSP 1, 004. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Religion & Myth·Daily Life

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

PBS 11/3, 042

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIb (ca. 2500-2340 BC)) — PBS 11/3, 042. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & Literature·Daily Life

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

RA 054, 058-059

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIb (ca. 2500-2340 BC)) — RA 054, 058-059. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

RIAA 051

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIb (ca. 2500-2340 BC)) — RIAA 051. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

TMH 05, 173

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIb (ca. 2500-2340 BC)) — TMH 05, 173. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & Literature·Daily Life

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

UM 29-15-617

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIb (ca. 2500-2340 BC)) — UM 29-15-617. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & Literature·Daily Life

~2350 BCE·Early DynasticEditorial

Kress 017

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ebla (ca. 2350-2250 BC)) — Kress 017. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Religion & Myth·Daily Life

~2300 BCE·Akkadian EmpireEditorial

Amarna letter. Letter from Yapahu (ruler of Gezer) to the Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep III or son Akhenaten

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Amarna letter. Letter from Yapahu (ruler of Gezer) to the Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep III or son Akhenaten. Yapahu requests help against Hapiru (Biblical Hebrews), a…

~2300 BCE·Akkadian EmpireEditorial

Clay tablet. Old Akkadian account text about fields. 2334-2004 BCE. From Iraq. Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Clay tablet. Old Akkadian account text about fields. 2334-2004 BCE. From Iraq. Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin.

Economy·Daily Life

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