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Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemenid Persian

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Page 3 / 35

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 107, W 9656,ff

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 107, W 9656,ff. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 109, W 9656,gb

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 109, W 9656,gb. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 110, W 9656,gg

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 110, W 9656,gg. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 111, W 9656,gs

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 111, W 9656,gs. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 7, pl. 007, W 19408,5

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 7, pl. 007, W 19408,5. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CUSAS 01, 002

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — CUSAS 01, 002. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CUSAS 01, 004

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC) ?) — CUSAS 01, 004. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CUSAS 01, 005

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — CUSAS 01, 005. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CUSAS 01, 006

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — CUSAS 01, 006. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 3007

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC) ?) — MS 3007. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 3008

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC) ?) — MS 3008. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 3161

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — MS 3161. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 3163

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC) ?) — MS 3163. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 3167

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — MS 3167. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 4484

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC) ?) — MS 4484. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 4530

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — MS 4530. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 5052

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC) ?) — MS 5052. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 026, W 7227,a

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 026, W 7227,a. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 081, W 9655,t

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 081, W 9655,t. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 3162

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC) ?) — MS 3162. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 3166

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC) ?) — MS 3166. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 4552

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC) ?) — MS 4552. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

Clay tablet, late Uruk period, 3300-3100 BCE. Proto-cuneiform signs, food issue list " rations" written by combining a human head and a bowl. Purchased via Christie's in 1989, with contribution from the British Museum Friends

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Clay tablet, late Uruk period, 3300-3100 BCE. Proto-cuneiform signs, food issue list " rations" written by combining a human head and a bowl (the triangular object…

Economy·Daily Life

~3200 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

Proto-Cuneiform Account Tablet

One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.

Writing & Literature·Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

ATU 7, pl. 084, W 22102,5+

40 [units], [container/storehouse with sun sign], open court, fish 20 [units], land/country — small, female, fish, [total/chief] 4 [units], fish, minister/courier, [approach/bring near] 2 [units], [reed+wood compound sign] 2 [units], [mixed?], day/sun 3 [units — damaged] [...], [...] 5 [units], cattle pen/fold 5 [units], [mixed?], day/sun, young man/male adult 2 [units], date-palm(?) 1 [unit] [...], [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CDLI Lexical 000030, ex. 057

1(N01) , [...] X AD~a#? 5(N01) , MUNU3? 5(N01) , GAZI 1(N01) , [...] 1(N14) , SUHUR 1(N14) , KAR2~b 1(N01) , [...] 1(N01) , [...] 1(N01) , X [...] 1(N01) , [...] [N] , [...] X

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CDLJ 2009/4 §4

Obverse (face): [Top edge:] 1(N57) — salt 4(N14) 3(N01) — hoe/agricultural implement [AL] 1(N14) 1(N01) — [for/of] the lord (EN~a), junior [TUR] 5(N01) — [commodity marked by] |U4×1(N57)|, junior 1(N14) — [commodity marked by] |U4×2(N57)|, junior 1(N14) 6(N01) — [commodity marked by] |U4×3(N57)|, junior Summary/total line: 1(N34) 2(N14) 5(N01) — [grand total] — 1(N57) 2(N57) salt; [commodity] SU~a; elder/supervisor [PAP~a]; |1(N58).BAD~a|; SI; AN; AD~a; GIR~a

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CMAA 020-C0003

[...] 1(N01), [...] X X 1(N01), goat (MASZ2) [processed/fashioned?] (ZATU628~a DIM~a) female (SAL) 1(N01), [NUN~b category] [processed/fashioned?] (DIM~a) 1(N01), [NUN~b category] ration/bread? (GAR) head/person (SAG) [unidentified sign] (ZATU694~c) [...], [...] [...] 6(N01), [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 015

5(N34) 4(N14) — ERIM~a (male workers), KA2~a (gate/portal) 2(N14) 2(N01) — KA2~a (gate), SZU (received/in hand of) 2(N34) — DU, |ZATU737xBUR~a| 3(N34) — URU~a1 (city), ZATU659, KA2~a (gate) 2(N34) — [...] KA2~a (gate) 3(N34) — [...] KA2~a (gate) 1(N51) 1(N14) — |6(N57).KU3~a| (silver/precious metal) 1(N34) 2(N14) — GISZ3~a, KA2~a (gate) KA2~a (gate) 1(N48) 9(N34) 2(N14) 2(N01) — BA (disbursed), NI~a, KA2~a (gate)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 016

1(N34), 1(N58) UR5~a 1(N57) , URI 3(N57) , date-palm [and] SI [...] , LA2 SUG5 [...] , plant(s) [...] , ZATU759 1(N57) , linen / GADA~a NA2~a 1(N57) , SZU2 female [worker] BAR 1(N34), 1(N58) 3(N57) , plant(s) NAM~a X , 3(N57) plant(s) 1(N57) , ZATU802~b [account:] SZU SZU APIN~a BU~a PAP~a NAM2 IM~a DUR2 SZAGAN

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 017

[...] [...] 2(N01) PAP~a DAR~b 2(N01) NAGA~a [...] [...] SAL [...] [...] 2(N01) EN~a 1(N04) 1(N01) NU11 AN [...] [...] [...] [...] 4(N01) LAL2~a 1(N01) UR~a

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 019

1 unit, AN NU11 [1 unit], X MU 1 unit, X PAP~a ME~a 1 unit, |(BU~a&BU~a).NA2~a| SHA ME~a 1 unit, LAGAB~b X BU~a 1 unit, AL 1 unit, ZATU725 [1 unit], [...] 1 unit, [...] SZITA~a1 1 unit, [...] 1 unit, woman GA2~a1 GI 1 unit, sanga [...] 1 unit, nail/peg GISZ [...], [...] 1 (large unit) 4 units, reed(s) storehouse NU11@t NUN~a DU A

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 021

1(N22) [large unit], ADAB 3(N01), [uncertain sign X] 1(N01), ERIN KAB 1(N01), GAN2 ISZ~b 2(N14) [= 2 tens], UDU~a [sheep] 3(N01), APIN~a EN~a [plow-team / EN official] 1(N01), SUG5# MAR~a ZATU752 1(N01), HI EN~a 1(N01), APIN~a GAN2 2(N14) [= 2 tens], AN TE 1(N01), SAL DARA4~a1 [female ibex / female animal] ZATU851

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 025

[...], field (GAN2), EN-official, interior/heart (ŠA3), [AN?], mother (AMA), crown/tiara (MEN), given/deposited (RU), water/offspring (A) [...] 4(N14), [...] EN-official, X, received/in hand (ŠU), field (GAN2) 2(N50) 3(N14), vessel-measure (|SILA3~a×DUG~a|) [...], [...] [...], [...] [...] 2(N14), [...] [...], [...] [...] 2(N14), [...] ZATU788, woman/female (SAL), [AN], egg/seed/offspring (NUNUZ~a1)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 026

Line 1: [...] — [...] Line 2: [...] — courtyard [KISAL] Line 3: [...] — [GA₂-type container / storehouse, marked HI] Line 4: [...] — [...] Line 5: [...] — 3 [small units]: AN [sky / divine marker] Line 6: 1 [large count] — livestock pen; 5 [small units] Line 7: 1 [large count] — milk / dairy; [X: sign unread] Line 8: 5 [large counts] — [DA marker]: GUL Line 9: 2 [large counts] — the land [KALAM]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 030

9 (units), SAL (women/females) 1(×60) 2 (units), KUR~a (highland/foreign) 1 (unit), |U4×2(N57)| SAL (women/females) 2 (units), KUR~a |U4×2(N57)| 2 (units), AMAR KUR~a |U4×1(N57)| NAGA~a 2(×60) 4 (units)#, KISZ PAP~a# EN~a# SANGA~a DUB~a 2 (large units)#, RAD~a

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 034

3 , DU[?] 1 , [X — unclear sign] 1 , UMUN2 1 , UR2 A 1 , HAL ZATU694~c 1 , SAR~d A 1 , ALAN~a ZATU694~c [1] , [broken] 1 , [X] SZU 1 , EN~a KASZ~c 1 , SANGA~a HI 13 , KISZ UB [total/summary line]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 036

2, BAR 1, tablet (DUB~b) [...], [...] 5, female (SAL) 1, heart/inner (ŠA3~a2) [2], |U4 × 3(N57)| 2, |U4 × 2(N57)| 5 AMAR, |U4 × 1(N57)| 1(N14) 8, KIŠ NAM2 ERIN 2, salt (MUN~a1) 1(N14) 6, |DU8~c × AMAR| grass/herbage (U2~a) 2, salt (MUN~a1) 1(N14) 5, female (SAL) 1, highland/foreign (KUR~a) 1(N14), sheep (UDU~a)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 037

[18] — [...] (category lost to damage) 5 — [U4×3] category 2 — [U4×2] category 6 — [U4×1] category 2 — tablet(s) / record(s) 10 — salt 6 — [...] (category lost to damage) 3 — [U4×1] category Total: 52 — [grand sum; KISZ PAP~a]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 040

1(N14) [= 10], MUN~a1 [salt] 1(N01) [= 1], DUB~b [tablet/tally] 3(N01) [= 3], |U4x2(N57)| [day-unit × 2 notch] 3(N01) [= 3], |U4x1(N57)| AMAR [day-unit × 1 notch, calf/young animal] 6(N01) [= 6], SAL [women/female workers] 5(N01) [= 5], SZA3~a2 [interior/heart — commodity or category] 4(N01) [= 4], |U4x2(N57)| [day-unit × 2 notch] 3(N01) [= 3], |U4x1(N57)| AMAR MUN~a1 [day-unit × 1 notch, young animal, salt] 1(N14) 5(N01) [= 15], UDU~a [sheep] 3(N14) 5(N01) [= 35], KISZ NAM2 KAB# U2~b DIN [Kiš-category/institution, NAM2, KAB, fodder/plant, DIN] 1(N14) [= 10], MUN~a1 [salt] 2(N14) 5(N01) [= 25]…

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 044

[...] [...] 3(N14) 2(N01) — UTUA~a [oven-product/heated-vessel category] 4(N14) 2(N01) — UDUNITA~a [rams/male sheep] [...] 2(N14) [...] 2(N01) — MASZ2 [goats/caprids] [...] [...] [...] [...] 4(N01) — [...] BU~a [...] UR2# [...] [...] [...] [...] 1(N48) [...] 3(N34) [...] [...] 4(N34) 3(N14) 2(N01) [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 045

28 ewes, 13 rams, 2 KIR11, 8 [animals of] KUR~a type, lambs DA~a PA~a 9 ewes, 7 rams, 2 KIR11, 3 [animals of] KUR~a type, lambs |BU~a+DU6~a| SZU |GISZxSZU2~a| ZATU752 |BU~a+DU6~a| SZU |GISZxSZU2~a| 51 [total?] DA~a PA~a 21 |BU~a+DU6~a| SZU |GISZxSZU2~a|

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 046

PAP~a — female (SAL) 2 rams (UDUNITA~a) — SZUR2~a 3 rams (UDUNITA~a) — AN [broken] [broken] ... [broken] [broken] ... [broken] [broken] — 3 sheep (UDU~a) — carpenter/craftsman (NAGAR~a) — [broken]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 049

1(N01) ewe 3(N14) rams 1(N01) ram — for ŠE3 [fodder/grain allocation?] 1(N14) 1(N01) [commodity unclear] [...] 2(N01) [NUN~b category] 4(N14) 5(N01) goats 9(N01) ewes 1(N01) ram 9(N01) she-goats 1(N01) goat 1(N14) ŠU GI [reed ration / hand + reed?] 9(N01)# [...] 3(N14) 9(N01) — 1(N57) sheep [subtotal marker] 1(N34) 3(N14) — GURUSZDA~a |DU8~c × UDU~a| DA~a PA~a [finished/released sheep — overseer category] 2(N34) 9(N01) — LAGAB~b UDU~a [enclosure/pen sheep]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 050

5 , BAR + sheep (female) 4 , goat (male) 3 , BAR + ram (male sheep) 3 , BAR + goat (male) [...] , [...] [3(N14)] 8(N01) , [...] 8 , BAR + she-goat 1(N14) 6(N01) [= 16] , sheep 1(N14) 3(N01) [= 13] , ram (male sheep)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 053

Obverse: 2 ewes 2 rams 2 she-goats 5 goats 1 [...] 3 [NUN~b category] 5 goats [...] [...] [...] [...] Reverse / lower section: 2 [...] 2 she-goats 3 [NUN~b category] [...] [...] 2(N14) [...] sheep

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 055

3 [units] — barley; male sheep — [day] — [guard/dog] 1 [unit] — [barley] — [large] male sheep — [NAM2] — [received/in hand] — [year/name] [2(N15)] 20 — ewes [2(N15)] 10 — male sheep [AN] — [MAR~a]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 061

[...] she-goat(s), [storehouse/container?], (sign unclear) — delivered/brought 1 — given/deposited [...] [...] — [...] 1 — junior [official or small unit] 1 — AN-NAMESZDA [official or recipient category] 1 — [granary-bin] flour/grain [...] — [...] [...] — [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 062

[...] 4 [units], 4 [N57-measure] of carp; 8 [units], carp (variant type); 94 [units], fish; 50 [units], [(SUKUD+SUKUD) — type uncertain]; [...], [city / city institution]; [...], [...]; [BU+DU6 — disbursement marker or storage location?]; [GIR3 — delivery / route marker?]; [ZATU714 — unidentified sign]; [...], [...]; [...], [...]; [two unidentified signs]; Uruk.

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 063

1 unit — [UKKIN~bxDIN institution/official] [broken] — [broken] 2 large-measures: fish — disbursed 2 large-measures: fish — 5 sub-units [Storehouse subtotal]: 1(N57) + 5 sub-units 1: woman — [category: ZATU676~b] 1: junior female worker 1: woman — [category: ZATU676~b] 2: women — total in hand 1 unit: fish — 5 sub-units [Storehouse] [closing total]

1 2 3 4…35