Read Chronology Themes Tablets Engine About

Menu

Read
Chronology
Themes
Tablets
Engine
About

Sumerian · Book

Reading the tablets…

A curated narrative reconstruction of humanity's first great civilization, sourced from the tablets themselves. Open scholarship, beautifully accessible.

The site

About the project The engine Dossiers FAQ Methodology Sources & licensing Provenance & ethics Contact & support

Legal

Privacy policy Terms of use llms.txt Sitemap

Independent scholarship · No academic affiliation · No institutional funding · Tablet imagery attributed per item via CDLI, ETCSL, ORACC, Wikimedia, and public museum collections.

Home
All tablets

The corpus

All tablets.

Every tablet in the corpus — sortable by date, title or period; filterable by theme and period. Use the controls below or change the URL parameters directly.

Search

Sort

Oldest first Newest first Title (A–Z)By period

Theme

Religion & Myth Law Economy Astronomy & Mathematics Daily Life Writing & Literature

Period

Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian

Source

Editorial Sumerian literature Sumerian royal Assyrian royal Assyrian archives

3,769 of 102,257 tablets · 6 filters activeClear filters

1851–1900 of 3769

Page 38 / 76

Achaemenid Persian

Ur III · Neo-Sumerian

Our engine

Akkadica 135/1, 084-086 06

1 ram, with fleece (bar-gal2), died. From Lu-Utu. Under seal of Lu-kalla. Month: Pa'ue. Year: "Huhnuri was destroyed." Lu-kalla, scribe, son of Ur-e'e, the herdsman (šuš3).

Economy

~2049 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Anonymous 481001

1(aš) 3(ban2) [barley]: Ur-dani, son of Ur-amma, the plowman (farmer) — from Lugal-kuzu, the overseer of oxen (ox-driver foreman). 1(aš) 3(ban2) [barley]: Šara-ma'adu, charged against Akalla, the foreman(?) — is to be added from the ...-day(?) [dal]. Month: 'Min-eš' (the second eš-month). Foreman: Lugal-mea. Year: 'The (golden) throne of Enlil was fashioned.' [...] (break — text lost) Scribe: [...], son of Lugal-AN?-...

~2048 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

AAICAB 1/3, pl. 224, Bod S 186

2 gur 4 barig 2 ban of barley, (measured by the) royal (gur), the deficit of the barley expenditures at Nippur; (charged to) ARAD — they being land registrars — it is to be repaid. On behalf of the land registrar, the sealed tablet of Kaguna is present. Month: Dal. Year: "Anshan was destroyed." (Seal:) Kaguna, the scribe, son of Ur-[...].

~2048 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Anonymous 458904

18 (units of) mixed wood(s) — from Ur-e'e; for/in the name of the farmers (engar-e-ne); sealed by Lugal-x-x (name partly broken); Year: 'Simurrum (and) Lullubum were destroyed for the 9th time.'

~2047 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

AAICAB 1/3, pl. 182, Bod A 14

3 gur of barley ... [...], out of the 3 (gur) [...] ... , from Ur-[...] ... [...]; for (the account of) Ur-Ningešzida, son of Lugal-saga. Sealed tablet of Ur-šuš-Baba, son of Na-ib-[...]. Barley of Wili-ḪA-... . Month: "Harvest" (še-sagku). Year: "The great stele of Enlil was erected." (Seal inscription:) Ur-šuš-Baba, the scribe, son of Na-[...].

~2046 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Akkadica 135/1, 082-083 05

20 (earth-carrying) baskets, for the weir of Apisal — the female weavers carried the baskets; ... they carried(?) [two signs illegible]. From Kugani Šeš-saga received (them). Year: "Amar-Suen (became) king." (Seal:) Šeš-[saga], scri[be], son of Lugal-gu[dea].

~2046 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Amherst 034

4 gur (royal measure) of dabin-flour (coarse flour), for the rations (šagal) of the erin2-workers of the e2-sukkal (the household/office of the vizier), from Nin'ana, under seal of Ur-gigir, the overseer. Month: intercalary month, "the month of ŠE-sag11-ku5" (grain-harvest), Year: "Šašrum was destroyed."

~2046 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Anonymous 497561

14 gur royal-measure barley — the deficit, repaid. (From) Lu-Baba, son of Ur-saga. From Ur-bagara, Lu-bimu received (it). Year: "Kimaš was destroyed."

~2046 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

JCS 54, 002, 04

5 shekels less one-sixth (shekel) of silver — Ur-eškuga gave it to Du-ili. Because the sealed document of Ur-eškuga was not available, Girini received it from him. Month: "Eating-of-the-u-bird" (Ubi-gu). Year: "Amar-Suen (became) king."

~2046 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

LB 0262

26 5/6 minas and 7 shekels of ordinary-quality (gi) wool, 2 barig, 2 ban, 2 sila of sesame, 3 dabatum-garments: the remaining balance concerning the house of Puzur-Dagan. Sealed tablet of Lugal-tiraš, son of Namu; it is to be repaid. Year: "Amar-Suen (is) king." (Seal:) Lugal-tiraš, the scribe, son of Namu.

~2045 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

AAS 048

1 suckling cow, 1 suckling ox — calves of the cattle-drive (driven animals); via (giri3) Abba-gina, the cowherd, Kas4 took (them) in charge. Year: "Ḫarši (and) Kimaš were destroyed." (= Šulgi year 48)

~2045 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Anonymous 481004

1. 1 rope, (for) the female donkey and the nanny-goat — 2. its weight: 1 talent(?), 18 1/3 mina of wool(?) — 3. the towing-rope of the donkey, (for) the boat 4. of the governor; 5. from Šara-[...], 6. under seal of the governor. 7. Year: 'The boat of Enki was caulked.'

~2045 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

JAC 24, 060 07

2 female workers, full-time (listed at the head of the tablet), died. From the month 'Gazelle-feast' (month I) to the month 'Barley harvest' (month XII): the labor involved: 720 female-worker workdays; it is (a period of) 12 months. From (the account of) Anana withdrawn (booked out). Year: 'Amar-Suen, the king, destroyed Urbilum.' (Amar-Suen year 2)

~2045 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

MVN 15, 359

Obverse: 3,600 + 600 (= 4,200) bundles of reed, from Dada, Lugal-ebansa received. Month: Nesag (the first-fruits festival). Year after: "Amar-Suen (became) king." Seal: Lugal-ebansa, scribe, son of Ur-Ištaran.

~2045 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

TAD 24 etc. (cast copies)

30 sheep, 11 kids — sealed tablet of Dingir-abi; 40 less 1 (= 39) kids — sealed tablet of Ur-saga; from Abba-saga did Ur-nigar receive. Month: "Festival of Mekigal" (12th month). Year: "Amar-Suen the king destroyed Urbilum" (Amar-Suen year 2, ca. 2045 BCE).

~2044 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

AfO 04, 23

1 plough-ox, an ox (that was) the property of Abba-gina — it was lost. Duga-zida to Abba-gina (said): "From the month ki-siki-Ninazu, by the time seven days have elapsed, I will bring your ox to you." Thus he said to him, and he swore it by the name of the king. Before Šara-aš-a-mu-tum; before Ḫaḫaša, the merchant; before Lu-Šulgi. Year: the en-priestess of Inanna of Uruk was chosen by (goat) omen. (seal / caption) Duga-zida, son of Ur-[...]-ma.

~2043 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Amherst 091

12 gur, 2 barig barley — royal gur (measure) — barley as a loan, for the troops (erin2), from Ur-Enlil, via Ur5-bi-šeba-du11, in the name of Namah, son of Ur-gigir. Seal of Šeš-kalla, his (Namah's) son. Month: Amar-a-a-si. Year: Huhnuri was destroyed. Šeš-kalla, the scribe, son of Namah.

~2043 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

MVN 05, 030

660 bundles of reed, for the *magur*-boat of (the god) Šara; from Ur-Šulpa'ea Lu-ḫegal has received. Month: Nesag. Year: En-unugal (was installed) as en-priest of Inanna. (Seal:) Lu-ḫegal, scribe, son of Ur-[...], servant of [...].

~2043 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

MVN 05, 033

1 Amorite nanny-goat — it died. From Lugal-azida. Sealed tablet of Lu-kalla. Month: Min-eš. Year: En-unugal was installed (as en-priest) of Inanna. (Seal inscription:) Lu-kalla, scribe, son of Ur-e'e, the livestock administrator (šuš₃).

~2043 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

MVN 05, 036

1 nanny-goat, 1 female kid — (both) fallen (i.e. dead animals); sheep of the large (flock). From Lugal-massu; sealed tablet of ARAD. Month: "Festival of Šulgi." Year: "En-unugal was installed (as en-priest) of Inanna." (Seal inscription) ARAD-[mu], scribe, son of Ur-nigar, the livestock administrator (šuš₃).

~2043 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

MVN 15, 334

[...] 1 barig 1 ban2 5 sila of ordinary beer; 2 barig of ordinary beer — its beer(-rate) 1 sila, reduced; beer for the soldiers (aga3-us2). From Na-silim. Sealed tablet of Ur-saman. From the 29th day to the 30th day. Within the bala (obligation). Month: "Festival of Šulgi." Year: "En-unugal was installed (as en-priest) of Inanna." (Seal:) Ur-saman, scribe, son of Lu-gina.

~2043 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Orient 55, 157 no. 2

185 grain-fed sheep, at 1 sila (of barley) each (per day), sheep of the bala-obligation; their barley: 18 gur 2 barig 3 ban2; via Lugal-azida. Month: Dal. Year: En-unugal was installed (as en-priest) of Inanna. (= Amar-Sin year 5)

~2043 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

TCL 02, 5557

Ur-nigar (concerning) Abba-saga: because he held a claim of silver against him, he invokes(?) the oath by the name of the king twice(?). On the day of the new moon of the month Ki-siki-Ninazu he declared: "I will repay it." Year: En-unugal was installed (as en-priest) of Inanna. [The man(?)] who swore by the name of the king: [..., Ur]-nigar, the livestock administrator (šuš₃). [...] who held [...] to [...]-saga to [...] — to be repaid. (Seal inscription:) Ur-nigar, scribe, son of Zu-[...].

Daily Life·Economy

~2042 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Anonymous 481003

1 gur 2 barig 3 ban2 barley, royal measure — the reclaimed claim (returned account) — from Ur-lisi, Dada received. Year after: “the en-priest of Eridu was installed.” Dada [...] ... x x AN [...]

~2042 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

CUNES 52-04-081

To Ur-šukal speak: 1 shekel of silver, silver bearing interest — to Ibni-GIN₂ let him give it. Sealed tablet of Inim-Šara. Month: "Dal." Year after: "En-unugal (was installed) as en-priest of Inanna." (Seal inscription:) [Ur]-E[mah], the lumah-priest [of ...]: Inim-Šara, son of Šara-zame, is [your] servant.

~2042 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

MVN 05, 043

1 nanny-goat, dead (slaughtered); delivery; Gu-la; from Ur-Utu; under seal of Lu-kalla. Month: "Harvest" (šeš-sag-kud). Year after: "En-unugal was installed (as en-priest) of Inanna." (Seal inscription:) [Lu-kalla], [the scribe], son of Ur-[E'e, the chief herdsman].

~2041 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Akkadica 137, 200-203 06

337 sheep, 34 lambs, 147 full-grown billy-goats, 11 goats — (this is) the 3rd day. From Abbasaga, Intaea took them in charge. Month: "Festival of Šulgi." Year: Šašru was destroyed. (summary) 529 sheep (in total).

~2041 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Amherst 035

5 gur, 1 barig, 3 ban2 of dabin-flour (by the royal gur-measure) — provisions for the workers/troops who have no barley, (at/from) the e2-ab (storehouse), stationed at the mouth of the canal, (on) the boat of Ur-šugalama, from Ninana; sealed by Lugal-ezem. Month: extra month, 'Harvest' (sze-sag11-ku5). Year: Shashrum was destroyed. Lugal-ezem, the scribe, son of Dada.

~2041 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

MVN 05, 010

180 grain-fed sheep, 1 sila of barley each, for 30 days — its barley: 18 gur. Fodder for the grain-fed sheep of the bala (obligation), via Bida; sealed document of the governor. Month: “Harvest” (še-sag-ku₅). Year: “Šašru was destroyed.”

~2041 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

MVN 05, 051

60 grain-fed sheep, 1 sila of barley each — regular offerings of Šara; 20 grain-fed sheep, 1 sila each — regular offerings of Šulgi; 20 grain-fed sheep, 1 sila each — regular offerings of Amar-Suen; for 1 day. For 30 days, its barley: 10 gur. From Alulu. Sealed tablet of the governor (ensi). Month: Dumuzi. Year: Šašru was destroyed.

Economy·Religion & Myth

~2041 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Orient 55, 167-168 no. 15

1 nanny-goat, ibex-crossbreed, has died; day 28. From Lu-dingira, Šulgi-irimu has received (it). Month: Festival-of-Ninazu. Year: Šašru was destroyed.

~2039 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

CUSAS 03, 0242

8 workmen at full wage, 2 workmen at 2/3 (wage) each — they are fullers; for [1] day stationed to deliver hand-moulded bricks, (for) the construction work of the É-[ki]mura. From Puzur-Akum it was expended. Month: kisiki-Ninazu. Year: "The magnificent barge was fashioned for Enlil and Ninlil." (Seal inscription) Šu-Kabta, physician, son of Naram-ili, the vizier(?), doorkeeper(?): Ea-šar, scribe, is your servant.

~2039 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

CUSAS 03, 0474

9 workmen for 1 day, barley: 6 sila each — hired. Stationed at Imsili, Munanum(?). Foreman: Babani. Month: u₅-bi₂-gu₇. Year: "The great barge for Enlil and Ninlil was fashioned." (Seal) Šu-Kabta, physician, son of Naram-ili, the sukkal (minister), the doorkeeper(?): Ea-šar, the scribe, (is) your servant.

~2039 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

CUSAS 03, 0478

1 ban 6 sila of ordinary beer, the regular allotment (sá-du₁₁) of the builders, when the wall was being built. Via Ea-šar. From Erra-bani it was expended. In Garšana. Month: ki-siki-Ninazu. Year: "The great barge was fashioned for Enlil and Ninlil." 8th day — copy (gaba-ri).

~2039 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

CUSAS 03, 0897

2 leather bag(s) (du₁₀-[gan]), ti-bala type, dried; 1 pair (é-ba-an) of shoes (e-sir₂), ordinary quality; from Anah-ili booked out (ba-zi). Month: U₅-bi₂-gu₇. Year: "The great barge was fashioned for Enlil and Ninlil." (Seal:) Šu-Kabta, the physician (a-zu), son of Naram-ili: Iškur-illat, the scribe, son of Abi'a, is your servant.

~2039 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

CUSAS 03, 0908

3 sheep hides, 1 goat hide, from Iškur-illat, Anah-ilī has received. Month: akiti (Festival of the Akītu). [Year:] "the great barge for Enlil and Ninlil he fashioned." (caption/label:) Annah-ilī, leatherworker, son of Saba.

~2039 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

CUSAS 03, 0909

1 hide of a grain-fed full-grown male goat, from Iškur-illat, Ana'aḫ-ilī has received. Month: Akiti. Year: "The magnificent barge for Enlil and Ninlil [he] fashioned." (seal/attribution:) Anna'aḫ-ilī, leatherworker, son of Sa'ba.

~2039 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

CUSAS 03, 1154

1 fat-tailed sheep, 3 ewes(?) |U8+ḪUL2|, 4 fat-tailed male lambs, 2 fat-tailed female lambs, 2 full-grown billy-goats, 3 nanny-goats: the month having elapsed to the 15th day; from Iškur-illat Ili-bilani took (them) in charge. Month: Maš-da-gu ("gazelle-eating"). Year: "The great barge for Enlil and Ninlil was fashioned." (Seal:) Ili-bilani, servant of Šu-Kabta.

~2038 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Akkadica 135/1, 090-092 09

5(ban2) 6 sila3 dabin-flour (= 56 sila3), day 28, from Lu-dingira, sealed by the governor, month: Dal, year: "The boat of Enki was caulked" (Šu-Suen year 8). (Seal legend:) Šu-Suen, mighty king, king of Ur, king of the four quarters, Aya-kalla, governor of Umma, is your servant.

~2037 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Akkadica 135/1, 088-090 08

2 gur 3 barig 5 ban2 8 1/3 sila of ŠU-bread, expenditure for the divine standard (šu-nir); from In-sa₆-sa₆; under seal of the governor. Month: Pa'u'e. Year: Šu-Suen (became) king. (Seal inscription) [Šu]-Suen, mighty king, king of Ur, king of the four quarters: Ayakalla, governor of Umma, is your servant.

~2037 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Akkadica 135/1, 096-098 12

15 workmen, for 1 day, at Ka-girida, stationed at the bar-la₂ of the Dubla-Utu; overseer: Lugal-itida. Sealed tablet of Šeš-ani. Year: Šu-Suen the king erected the great stele (⟨⟨gal⟩⟩ erased). (Seal inscription) Šeš-ani, the scribe, son of Dada.

~2037 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Akkadica 135/1, 098-100 13

5 bur3 of field, harrowed (with the gišur3-harrow), one time, at a rate of 4 1/2 iku of field (per worker per day): its workforce labor is 60 (worker-)days. Field: Nin-ura. Foreman: Ur-ama. Under the seal of Šeš-ani. Year: Šu-Sîn, the king, erected the magnificent stele for Enlil and Ninlil. (Seal inscription) Šeš-ani, scribe, son of Dada.

~2037 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Anonymous 429941

10 gur — EN — at 1 barig each, barley to be carried, to the ...... of Kamari; from Lu-gina; sealed tablet of Šeš-ani. Month: "Barley-brought-to-the-quay"(?). Year: Šu-Suen (became) king. (Seal inscription:) Šeš-[ani], scri[be], [son of ......].

~2037 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Anonymous 497531

60 bundles of reeds — (for) En-dudu, the courier of the "various men"; from Šeš-kalla; sealed tablet of Ikalla; within (the account of) the bala; day 10, month: Dal, year: "Šu-Sîn, the king, built the temple of Šara." (Seal:) Ikalla, scribe, son of Lu-saga.

~2037 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

AuOr 24, 149

15 pigeons (tu-gur₄), from Elumma'e, the household administrator (šabra): delivery. Ba'aga, the animal-fattener, took (them) in charge. Year: Šu-Suen, king of Ur, built the temple of Šara in Umma.

~2037 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

CUSAS 03, 0011

2 workmen, builders, men of Tunium; 1 workman, builder, man of Dimat-Kalbum; 3 workmen, builders, men of [Izin-Erra]. In Garšana. Month: ki-siki-Ninazu. Year: Šu-Sîn the king fashioned the great stele for Enlil and Ninlil (= Šu-Sîn year 2).

~2037 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

CUSAS 03, 0067

[n male workers, builders], [n] male workers, 6 female workers — foreman: Ba-zi; stationed to crush malt. [Inspection] performed. [Via Iškur]-illat, the chief household administrator (šabra), [and Puzur-]Ninkar[ak], the scribe. In Garšana. Month: "Festival of Šulgi." Year: Šu-Suen, king of Ur, [erected] the Great Stele for Enlil [and Ninlil]. Day 28.

~2037 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

CUSAS 03, 0068

16 male workers, 7 female workers, overseer: Ba-zi, stationed to grind malt. Inspection carried out. Via Iškur-illat and Puzur-Ninkar, the scribe. In Garšana. Month: “Festival of Šulgi.” [Year:] Šu-Suen, the king, built the great stele for Enlil [and Ninlil]. Day 29.

~2037 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

CUSAS 03, 0070

[n] male workers, [n] female workers, [foreman]: Ba-zi, employed to grind [malt], [via Iškur]-illat [and] Puzur-Nin[kar]rak, the scribe. [In Gar]šana. [Month:] "Festival of Šulgi." [Year:] Šu-Sin, the king, [...]

~2037 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

CUSAS 03, 0088

3 workmen, [builders], men of the niĝ-ba (gift-allotment) [of Baba?]; 3 workmen, [builders], servants of the household. Therefrom: [n] workmen, builders, at the brick-mould — baked bricks; [n] workmen, builders, at the brick-mould — bricks set in place; [n] workmen, builders, stationed to build the E-kibagara ("House-set-in-its-place"). It is the expenditure (of labour). Inspection carried out. Via Iškur-illat, the chief household administrator (šabra). Month: U'bi-gu. Year: Šu-Suen, king of Ur, destroyed the land of Zabšali. 4th day.

1…37 38 39…76