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Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemenid Persian

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~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 075

Names eleven divine sponsors of Ashurbanipal's Mannean campaign and records a night ambush routed across three leagues of steppe — pinning Assyrian theology of divinely mandated conquest to a specific military engagement.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-Assyrian

RINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 076

Chronicles Ashurbanipal's recapture of Mannean-occupied cities — Paddiri, Arsiyaniš, Eristeyana — documenting Assyrian efforts to reassert the northeastern frontier against a rival highland power.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 077

Records an Arab chieftain sending his daughter as housekeeper and reinstating lapsed tribute payments to Ashurbanipal — direct evidence of how the Assyrian court enforced loyalty through dynastic hostage-taking and fiscal obligation.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 078

Records Ashurbanipal's reimposition of tribute on the Median ruler Uallî — including thirty additional horses — and his simultaneous campaigns against Median city-rulers who had defected, documenting Assyrian methods of coercion and reward on the empire's eastern frontier.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 079

Records Assyria's grain relief to famine-struck Elam and the repatriation of Elamite refugees — then frames Urtaku's subsequent aggression as ingratitude, revealing how Sargonid kings cast humanitarian acts as instruments of political obligation.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 080

Records Urtaku of Elam's unprovoked invasion of Babylonia despite Ashurbanipal's prior goodwill — a rare Assyrian royal account of the diplomatic breakdown that triggered the Assyro-Elamite wars of the 650s BCE.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 081

Records Ashurbanipal's justification for invading Elam: Teumman's persecution of the royal Elamite refugees gave the Assyrian king a dynastic-legitimacy pretext rather than a naked conquest.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 082

Names five Elamite kings — Ummanigaš, Ummanappi, Tammarītu, Kudurru, and Parrû — abandoned their thrones rather than face Assyrian arms, supplying a rare royal-inscription checklist of the dynastic chaos that consumed Elam after 653 BCE.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 083

Ashurbanipal justifies refusing extradition of Elamite royal refugees to Teumman — framing the rejection as divine command — before narrating the campaign that ended at the Battle of the Ulaya River, 653 BCE.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 085

Records Ashurbanipal's installation of Ummanigaš II on the Elamite throne after Teumman's defeat — a rare royal account of Assyrian-engineered regime change in Elam, corroborating the annals' narrative of the 653 BCE Ulai campaign.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 086

Chronicles Aššurbanipal's installation of Tammarītu as an Elamite client king and the subsequent Gambulu campaign — concrete evidence of Assyria's strategy of dynastic manipulation to pacify its eastern frontier.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 087

Charges the Elamite king Tammarītu with accepting bribes from the rebel Šamaš-šuma-ukīn: direct Assyrian royal testimony on the diplomacy that nearly split the empire in the 650s BCE.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 088

Records Elamite king Indabibi's return of Assyrian captives seized by Nabû-bēl-šumāti — a grandson of the legendary Babylonian rebel Merodach-baladan — documenting the tangled dynastic hostilities of the mid-7th century BCE.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 089

Records Ashurbanipal's eighth campaign against Gambulu and the capture of Dunānu alive — one of the few royal inscriptions detailing punitive operations against a tribe that defected to Elam during the Assyro-Elamite wars.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 090

Records Ashurbanipal's punitive campaign against the Arab chief Iautaʾ — looting, burning of encampments, and mass seizure of camels and livestock — giving one of the fullest Assyrian accounts of desert warfare beyond the settled frontier.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 092

Records Gyges of Lydia's dream-vision of Aššur and his subsequent embassy to Nineveh — the only cuneiform account of first contact between Assyria and the Lydian kingdom, corroborating and complicating Herodotus's version.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 094

Records Ashurbanipal's systematic conquest of Elamite royal cities — Madaktu, Susa, Ḫaltemaš and others — providing the Assyrian court's own account of the campaigns that effectively ended the Elamite state, c. 647 BCE.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 095

Chronicles Elamite king Tammarītu's military support for the rebel Šamaš-šuma-ukīn, supplying a rare Assyrian royal account of the political fractures that ignited the Babylonian revolt of 652–648 BCE.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 096

Lists the gods, priests, royal statues, and treasures looted from Susa, Madaktu, and Ḫurādi after Ashurbanipal's sack of Elam — the primary Assyrian record of that systematic cultural decapitation of a rival civilization.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 097

Describes the ritual reconstruction of a temple — mortar mixed with beer and wine, workers singing — preserving the ceremonial language Sargonid kings used to legitimise sacred building projects.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 098

Records Ashurbanipal's ceremonial return of Marduk and the Babylonian gods to Esagila after their Assyrian exile — a pivotal act of religious diplomacy meant to legitimise Assyrian rule over Babylon.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 099

Quantifies the precious materials — fifty talents of zaḫalû-silver and thirty-four talents of gold — lavished on Marduk's throne-dais, giving a rare cost-accounting of Assyrian royal temple patronage in Babylon.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 100

Places an Assyrian campaign against the district of Ḫunnir and destruction of Bašimu on the Hidalian border, adding localized geographic and military detail to the fragmentary record of Ashurbanipal's eastern operations.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 101

Claims Ashurbanipal salted sixty leagues of Elamite territory — one of the few royal inscriptions quantifying the deliberate ecological devastation used to permanently disable a conquered region.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianOur engine

SAA 14 107. A Court Decision on Behalf of Aššur-šallim (*638-IV) (ADD 0163)

Lawsuit of Aššur-šallim against Ṣalmu-aḫḫē concerning Šulmu-ēreš, his (Aššur-šallim's) slave, which they argued — (this case) was brought before Šēp-šarri, the sartinnu (chief judge). The sartinnu imposed (a penalty of) 1 1/2 minas of silver. Ṣalmu-aḫḫē gave 1 mina of silver to Aššur-šallim. Whoever among them breaches the peace (settlement) between them shall pay 10 minas of silver to Aššur (and) Šamaš, lord(s) of his lawsuit — to Aššur, the lord of his lawsuit. Month of Tammuz (IV), eponym year of Aššur-šuma-uṣur (?). Witness Libbūsu. Witness Nabû-aḫu-aḫu. Witness Išdi-Nabû (or) La-qēpu…

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 102

Documents Ashurbanipal's campaign against Ḫidalu — including the removal of its gods to Assyria — a concrete instance of the deliberate religious humiliation used to subordinate a conquered people.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 103

Records Ashurbanipal's systematic devastation of Elam — gods deported, sixty leagues salted — documenting the Assyrian theology of conquest in which plundering enemy cult statues physically broke divine protection.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 104

Preserves the standard Assyrian royal prayer formula — longevity, dynastic continuity, victory over enemies — attesting the ideological template Sargonid kings imposed on monumental self-presentation in the mid-seventh century BCE.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 105

Preserves Ashurbanipal's framing of his brother Šamaš-šuma-ukīn's revolt as sacrilege — specifically the theft of cult centers the king had personally restored — casting civil war as divine betrayal rather than political rebellion.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 106

Records Tammarītu of Elam's mocking words about the beheading of Teumman and Ummanigaš's submission — then Aššur's divine retribution, linking Assyrian war propaganda directly to theological justification for punishing vassal insolence.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 107

Tammarītu's groveling submission at Nineveh — crawling naked, kissing royal feet, sweeping the ground with his beard — documents the ritual humiliation Assyria imposed on deposed Elamite claimants after the civil war of the 650s BCE.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 108

Records Ištar of Arbela appearing in a dream to reassure Assyrian troops afraid to ford the Idide River — direct evidence of divine-oracle legitimation woven into Ashurbanipal's Elamite campaign narratives.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 109

Places the Arab king Uaiteʾ of Sumuʾil in a dog collar at the city gate — one of the few royal inscriptions to specify this particular humiliation for a defeated vassal who broke his oath to Assyria.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 110

Records Urarṭian king Sarduri III's submission of audience gifts and renewed diplomatic ties to Ashurbanipal — rare cuneiform evidence of the northern kingdom's shift from rival to tributary in the late 7th century BCE.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 111

A fragmentary Sargonid royal inscription invoking the Assyrian state pantheon — Šarrat-Kidmuri, Ištar of Arbela, Ninurta, Nergal, and Nusku — preserving partial evidence of the ritual and ceremonial language binding kingship to divine favour.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 112

Preserves Ashurbanipal's ultimatum to the Elamite king Indabibi — threatening Susa, Madaktu, and Ḫidalu and invoking the fate of Teumman — documenting Assyrian coercive diplomacy in the final years of Elamite independence.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 113

Invokes the full Assyrian-Babylonian pantheon — Aššur to Nabû — in a single royal inscription, attesting the late Sargonid formula for anchoring royal authority in the consent of every major deity.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 114

Traces Ashurbanipal's conquests 'from the Upper Sea to the Lower Sea,' encoding the Assyrian imperial ideology of universal kingship through its titulary and campaign narrative.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 115

Records Ashurbanipal's completion and gold-cladding of Eḫursaggalkurkurra, Aššur's chief temple, linking royal construction piety to divinely ordained kingship in the Sargonid tradition.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 116

Records Ashurbanipal's restoration of Marduk's cult furniture — bed, canopy, and chariot — in Babylon, anchoring the Assyrian king's claim to legitimate rule over the south through priestly service to the Babylonian god.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 117

Records Ashurbanipal's first campaign against the Kushite pharaoh Taharqa, framing the reconquest of Memphis as divine mandate — a rare Assyrian first-person account of the struggle for Egypt that cross-checks both biblical and Egyptian sources.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 118

Names Necho, Šarru-lū-dāri, and Pa-qruru as Assyrian-installed client kings in Egypt, giving the Assyrian court's own account of the vassal network Esarhaddon built along the Nile delta.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 119

Attests Ashurbanipal's reinstatement of Egyptian vassals who had fled Taharqa's advance, then pivots to the Elamite war against Urtaku — threading two simultaneous imperial crises in one royal account.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 120

A fragmentary Sargonid royal inscription invoking Ištar's authority over the king's enemies — one of many RINAP 5 witnesses preserving the theological language that legitimised Neo-Assyrian military campaigns.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurbanipal 121

Names Elamite dynasts Ḫumban-ḫaltaš II and Teumman alongside the Kushite pharaoh Tanutamon, placing Assyria's simultaneous western and eastern military pressures within a single royal record.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 122

Chronicles Assyria's defeat of the Nubian pharaoh Tanutamun and the installation of a local client-king at Athribis — the primary cuneiform record of Assyrian military dominance over Egypt in the 660s BCE.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 123

Narrates Ashurbanipal's sack of Thebes (663 BCE) — the deepest Egyptian penetration by an Assyrian army — and catalogues the city's looted treasures, corroborating the biblical lament in Nahum 3:8–10.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 124

Records Ashurbanipal's naval blockade of Tyre — cutting off food and water to the island city — one of the few cuneiform accounts of Assyrian siege warfare at sea.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 125

A Lydian ruler dreams that Ashur commands him to grasp Ashurbanipal's feet — and then defeats the Cimmerians: one of the clearest surviving texts linking Assyrian royal ideology to a foreign vassal's military success.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~655 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 5

Ashurbanipal 126

Narrates Ashurbanipal's defeat of the Elamite king Teumman at the Ulai River and his installation of client rulers in Elam — direct royal testimony to the Assyrian policy of dynastic partition as an instrument of imperial control.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

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