All tablets.

Cuneiform tablet- memorandum of receipt for silver, Egibi archive MET ME79 7 35

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Babylonian; Cuneiform tablet; Clay-Tablets-Inscribed

Cuneiform tablet- petition, prayer for a king MET ME86 11 399

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Cuneiform tablet; Clay-Tablets-Inscribed

Religion & Myth

Cuneiform tablet- quittance for a loan in copper MET ME66 245 18a

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Old Assyrian Trading Colony; Cuneiform tablet; Clay-Tablets-Inscribed

Cuneiform tablet- quittance for a loan in silver MET DP162272

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Old Assyrian Trading Colony; Cuneiform tablet; Clay-Tablets-Inscribed

Cuneiform tablet- ration list MET ME11 217 16

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Babylonian; Cuneiform tablet; Clay-Tablets-Inscribed

Cuneiform tablet- ration list MET ME11 217 26

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Babylonian; Cuneiform tablet; Clay-Tablets-Inscribed

Cuneiform tablet- ration list MET ME11 217 5

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Babylonian; Cuneiform tablet; Clay-Tablets-Inscribed

Cuneiform tablet- receipt by proxy for silver, Egibi archive MET ME79 7 20

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Babylonian; Cuneiform tablet; Clay-Tablets-Inscribed

Cuneiform tablet- receipt for barley, Esagilaya archive MET ME86 11 207

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Babylonian; Cuneiform tablet; Clay-Tablets-Inscribed

Cuneiform tablet- receipt for rent payment, Egibi archive MET ME79 7 9

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Babylonian; Cuneiform tablet; Clay-Tablets-Inscribed

Cuneiform tablet- receipt for silver, Egibi archive MET ME79 7 3

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Babylonian; Cuneiform tablet; Clay-Tablets-Inscribed

Cuneiform tablet- receipt of silver for a wash-bowl MET ME86 11 219

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Babylonian; Cuneiform tablet; Clay-Tablets-Inscribed

Cuneiform tablet- record of expenditures of silver, Ebabbar archive MET ME86 11 107

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Babylonian; Cuneiform tablet; Clay-Tablets-Inscribed

Cuneiform tablet- record of sale MET ME86 11 150

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Babylonian; Cuneiform tablet; Clay-Tablets-Inscribed

Cuneiform tablet- record of silver for purchase of animals, Ebabbar archive MET ME86 11 218

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Babylonian; Cuneiform tablet; Clay-Tablets-Inscribed

Cuneiform tablet- record of silver for supplies, Ebabbar archive MET ME86 11 234

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Babylonian; Cuneiform tablet; Clay-Tablets-Inscribed

Cuneiform tablet- sale of real estate MET ME86 11 443

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Assyrian; Cuneiform tablet; Clay-Tablets-Inscribed

Cuneiform tablet- slave sale, Egibi archive MET ME79 7 13

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Babylonian; Cuneiform tablet; Clay-Tablets-Inscribed

Cuneiform tablet- slave sale, Egibi archive MET ME86 11 145

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Babylonian; Cuneiform tablet; Clay-Tablets-Inscribed

Dagon Museum, Cuneiform document on clay tablet

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Dagon Museum, Downtown, Haifa, Israel The Museum is dedicated to the history of grain products מוזיאון דגון בעיר התחתית בחיפה שוכן במבנה המשרדים של ממגורות דגון. המוזיאון מוקדש לתולדות הדגן ומוצריו, ו

Hattusa Bronze Tablet Cuneiform

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Bronze tablet from Çorum-Boğazköy dating from 1235 BC. Photographed at Museum of Anatolian Civilisations. This cuneiform document excavated at Hattusa in 1986 is the only bronze tablet found in Anatol

Hittite Cuneiform Tablet- Legal Deposition(?)

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Tablet on display at the Oriental Institute , with the caption: Hittite Cuneiform Tablet: Legal Deposition(?) Baked clay Hattusha Late Bronze Age (13th century BC) A6004 A6004 - VBot 30 - CTH 832

Jehoiachin Ration Tablet detail

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Administrative tablet from the South Palace of Babylon, dated from the reign of king Nebuchednezzar, list of rations of people feeded by the royal administration, including the ex-king of Judah, Jehoi

Sumerian cuneiform tablet dating approximately 2041 B.C. Is a receipt for the donation of livestock to the feast for a Sumerian king

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: The oldest piece in the McDonald Rare Book Collection at OSU is a Sumerian cuneiform tablet dating approximately 2041 B.C. The fragile piece has a prosaic purpose, it's a receipt for the donation of l

Tablet BM131452

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Clay cuneiform tablet of a legal case before Saustatar, King of Mitanni, involving Niqmepa, King of Alalakh. Dated 1550BC-1400BC.

The Newly Discovered Tablet V of the Epic of Gilgamesh. Meeting Humbaba, with Enkidu, at the Cedar Forest. The Sulaymaniyah Museum, Iraqi Kurdistan

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: The tablet dates back to the Old-Babylonian Period, 2003-1595 BCE.

Religion & Myth

Ur Bau tablet AO261 mp3h9041

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0 fr). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: .mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output .fileinfotpl-type-information,.mw-parser-output .fileinfotpl-type-artwork{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);bac

~1791 BCE·Old BabylonianEditorial

PBS 08/2, 120

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — PBS 08/2, 120. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Hammurabi y2 — Year after: Hammurabi became king based on canonical year-name formula in the transliteration.

EconomyWriting & Literature

~1754 BCE·Old BabylonianEditorial

Code of Hammurabi (stele)

Not the first law code, but the most complete and the most famous. Inscribed on a black diorite stele over two meters tall, displayed in a public place — law made visible, law made monumental.

~1340 BCE·Middle BabylonianEditorial

Amarna Letter EA 153 — Abi-milku of Tyre

Part of the earliest known body of international diplomatic correspondence. Akkadian, written in cuneiform on clay, was the lingua franca of Late Bronze Age statecraft — used between Egypt, the Hittites, Mitanni, Babylon, Assyria, and the Levantine vassals.

Daily LifeLaw

~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianOur engine

Adad-narari I 01

Lists the cities and peoples — Kassites, Gutians, Lullumê, Šubareans — subjugated by Adad-nārārī I, documenting Assyria's territorial expansion toward the Euphrates and into Mitanni's former heartland around 1300 BCE.

Religion & MythWriting & Literature

Adad-narari I 02

(36) (As for) the one who erases my inscribed name and writes his (own) name, or discards my commemorative inscriptions, hands (them) over for destruction, consigns (them) to oblivion, covers (them) with earth, burns (them) with fire, throws (them) into the water, puts (them) in a Taboo House where there is no visibility, or because of these curses he incites a stranger, a foreigner, a malignant enemy, (a man who speaks) another language, or anyone else (to do any of these things), or conceives of and does anything (injurious), (48) may the god Aššur, the exalted god, the one who dwells in…

Adad-narari I 03

(1) Adad-nārārī (I), king of the world, strong king, king of Assyria, son of Arik-dīn-ili, king of Assyria, son of Enlil-nārārī, (who was) also king of Assyria. (4) When Šattuara, king of the land Ḫanigalbat, rebelled against me and committed hostilities, I seized him by the command of (the god) Aššur, my lord, the one who comes to my aid, and the great gods who decide in my favor, and I brought him to my city, Aššur. I made him take an oath and allowed him to return to his land. Annually, as long as (he) lived, I regularly received his audience gift within my city, Aššur. (15) After his…

Adad-narari I 04

(37) At that time, the ... of the city Taidu had become dilapidated and I removed its dilapidated section(s). I restored it. I built (it) from its foundations to its crenellations. Moreover, I deposited my commemorative inscriptions (therein). (42b) In the future, may a future ruler, when that building becomes old and dilapidated, renovate its dilapidated section(s) (and) return my inscribed name to its place. [(The god) Aššur] will (then) listen to his prayers. (46) (As for) the one [who alters] my inscription and [my] name, may Aššur, my lord, [overthrow] his kingship. May the [goddess]…

Adad-narari I 05

(12) At that time, (as for) the wells [in] uncultivated [fields], which [...] before three wells [...] I added [...]. Beside [..., I built (it) from its [foundations to its crenellations. Moreover, I deposited my] commemorative inscriptions (therein).

Adad-narari I 06

A building inscription of Adad-nārārī I dedicating a standard to Ištar and invoking Aššur's favour for any future ruler who restores the monument — an early attestation of the Assyrian royal restoration formula that would persist for centuries.

Writing & LiteratureReligion & Myth

Adad-narari I 07

(35) At that time, the Step Gate of the temple of the god Aššur, my lord, which is opposite the Gate of the Oath of the God of the Land and the Gate of the Judges, (and) which was built (some time) ago, had become dilapidated, sagged, and shook. I cleared that site (and) reached its foundation pit. I built (it) with limestone and mortar from the city Ubasê. I restored it. Moreover, I deposited my monumental inscription (therein). (45) In the future, may a future ruler, when that site becomes old and dilapidated, renovate its dilapidated section(s) (and) return my monumental inscription (and) my inscribed name to their (text “its”) places. The god Aššur will (then) listen to his prayers. (80) Muḫur-ilāni, twentieth day, eponymy of Šulmānu-qarrād.

Adad-narari I 08

(24) (As for) the facing (of the quay wall), which faces the (Tigris) River from the entrance of the upper city, at the Ea-šarru Gate, to the entrance of the lower city, at the Tigris Gate, which through the (action of the river’s) water had become dilapidated and whose limestone and baked brick flood(s) had eroded away, I repaired that facing using bitumen and baked brick. I made (it) the thickness of four and one half bricks. I faced the back of it using limestone and mortar from the city Ubasê. Moreover, I deposited my monumental inscription (therein). (32) In the future, may a future…

Adad-narari I 09

(1) Adad-nārārī (I), king of the world, strong king, king of Assyria, son of Arik-dīn-ili, king of Assyria, son of Enlil-nārārī, (who was) also king of Assyria. (5) (As for) the facing (of the quay wall), which faces the (Tigris) River, which through the (action of the river’s) water had become dilapidated and flood(s) had eroded away its limestone and baked brick, I repaired that facing using bitumen and baked brick.I made (it) the thickness of four and one half bricks. I faced the back of it using limestone and bitumen mortar. [I deposited my commemorative inscriptions (therein]. (15b) May…

Adad-narari I 10

(35) At that time, (as for) the wall of the New City, which faces the (Tigris) River, which is opposite the tisaru-district, which Puzur-Aššur (III), my ancestor, a king who came before me, had previously built, it was two and one half bricks thick and thirty layers of brick high, had become dilapidated, was in ruin, and eroded by flood(s). I cleared its site (and) reached its foundation pit. I made (it) the thickness of ten bricks using my large brick mold. I laid its foundations on solid bedrock. I built (it) from its foundations to its crenellations. (44b) (As for) the sewers that drain…

Adad-narari I 1001

Attests Adad-nārārī I's campaign into the Lullumê highlands, placing Assyrian military reach into the Zagros within the generation that transformed Assyria from a vassal into an imperial power.

Adad-narari I 1002

(1') (Too fragmentary for translation.)

Adad-narari I 11

(1') [At that time], (as for) the facing (of the quay wall), [which (stretches) from] the palace complex [to] the processional avenues, [which] Aššur-uballiṭ (I), my ancestor, had previously built, a ... wadi had broken through and beyond it in the middle, at the top of the orchards of the Inner City. In order to quiet down the rage of the mighty waters, I faced (the area of) the ... wadi using baked brick and bitumen. I installed three drains to carry off the water. I altered (the course of) the water and kept (it) away with baked brick and bitumen ... On the opposite bank ... I widened ...…

Adad-narari I 12

(r 1') Moreover, [I deposited] my commemorative inscriptions (therein). (r 2') [May] a future ruler, when he renovates that facing (when) it becomes dilapidated or (when he repairs it when) it is eroded by flood(s), renovate its dilapidated section(s) (and) [return my] inscribed [name] and my commemorative inscriptions [to their places]. (l.e. 1') (No translation possible.)

Adad-narari I 13

(29) At that time, (as for) the great wall of the New City, which (was built on) a mound facing the [open country], which (stretches) from the great wall of the Inner City by the entirety of [the New City], as far as the (Tigris) River, (and) which Puzur-Aššur (III), my ancestor, a king who came before me, had previously built, Aššur-bēl-nišēšu, (who was) also my ancestor, applied a façade to that wall, (but) it again became dilapidated, and Erība-Adad (I), the vice-regent of the god Aššur, (who was) also my ancestor, a king who came before me, applied a facing and façade in different places,…

Adad-narari I 14

(1) Adad-nārārī (I), appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of Arik-dīn-ili, appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of Enlil-nārārī, (who was) also appointee of the god Enlil (and) vice-regent of (the god) Aššur. (4) At that time, (as for) the wall of the Inner City, which my ancestors, the kings who came before me, had previously built (and) which is opposite the large new ziggurat of the god Aššur, my lord, which Arik-dīn-ili, my father, had built, that wall had become dilapidated and I removed its dilapidated section(s) (and) reached its…

Adad-narari I 15

(1) Adad-nārārī (I), appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of Arik-dīn-ili, appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of Enlil-nārārī, (who was) also appointee of the god Enlil (and) vice-regent of (the god) Aššur. (5b) At that time, (as for) the temple of the Assyrian Ištar, my lady, which Ilu-šūma, the vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, my ancestor, the son of Šalim-aḫum — (who was) also vice-regent of (the god) Aššur — had previously built and completed, that temple became dilapidated and Sargon (I), the vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, the son…

Adad-narari I 16

(33) At that time, (as for) the palace of my city, Aššur, which Aššur-nādin-ahhē (II), the choicest among my ancestors, a king who came before me, had previously built, the wall at the top of the door of the chapel that is opposite the terrace (and) that is inside that palace, inside of which the dais of the god Aššur, my lord, was built and annually the god Aššur, my lord, proceeds to that dais to take up residence, that wall had become dilapidated and I clear away its dilapidated section(s). I (then) renovated (and) restored it. Moreover, I deposited my commemorative inscription (therein).…

Adad-narari I 17

(1) Adad-nārārī (I), appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of the god Aššur, son of Arik-dīn-ili, appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of the god Aššur, son of Enlil-nārārī, (who was) also appointee of the god Enlil (and) vice-regent of the god Aššur. (4) At that time, the storehouses of the Gate of the Gods Anu and Adad, my lords, and their [doors], which had been built previously, had become dilapidated. I built th(os)e storehouses from their foundations to their crenellations. I made new magnificent double doors of fir, fastened (them) with bronze bands, (and) installed (them) for…