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Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemenid Persian

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~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianOur engine

Ashurnasirpal II 060

One of the surviving royal inscriptions of Ashurnasirpal II (r. 883–859 BCE), preserved in the RIAo corpus as a witness to the formulaic and historical record of early Neo-Assyrian kingship.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

Neo-Assyrian

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Ashurnasirpal II 061

One of the surviving royal inscriptions of Ashurnasirpal II, whose annals collectively document the territorial expansion and brutal suppression campaigns that defined early Neo-Assyrian imperial statecraft.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 002

Preserves Ashurnasirpal II's titulary in full — the layered chain of divine election, genealogy, and universal kingship that legitimised Neo-Assyrian imperial ideology in the 9th century BCE.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 023

One of the standard titulary inscriptions of Ashurnasirpal II, tracing his legitimacy through three generations of Assyrian kings and anchoring royal authority in a chain of divine election by Aššur, Enlil, Ninurta, Anu, and Dagān.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 033

Claims Assyrian dominion from Carchemish through the Euphrates lands of Lāqê, Sūḫu, and Rapiqu — pinning the westward reach of Ashurnasirpal II's campaigns to specific named territories in the mid-ninth century BCE.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 047

Opens with the full Assyrian divine council — Aššur, Enlil, Ea, Adad, Šamaš — granting Ashurnasirpal II his kingship, illustrating how 9th-century Assyrian royal ideology fused theology with conquest legitimacy.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 048

Attests Ashurnasirpal II's invocation of the storm-god Adad as divine enforcer of a royal decree, linking Neo-Assyrian kingship ideology to divine sanction for legal or cultic obligations.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 055

Dedicates conquered wealth to the god Ninurta, linking Ashurnasirpal II's western campaigns to the theological claim that Assyrian expansion fulfilled divine will — a cornerstone of Neo-Assyrian royal ideology.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 056

Preserves the full titulary of Ashurnasirpal II — sun-king, world-trampler, chosen of Enlil and Ninurta — encoding the theological and imperial ideology that legitimised Neo-Assyrian expansion in the 9th century BCE.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 057

Records Ashurnasirpal II's restoration of the Emašmaš temple at Nineveh, situating him within a chain of vice-regents stretching back to Šamšī-Adad and linking royal piety to political legitimacy.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 062

One of the corpus of Ashurnasirpal II's royal inscriptions preserved in the RIAo/ORACC edition, attesting the formulaic self-presentation of a 9th-century Assyrian king.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 063

One of the surviving royal inscriptions of Ashurnasirpal II, preserved in the RIAo corpus as a witness to the formulaic self-presentation of 9th-century Assyrian kingship.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 064

One of the surviving royal inscriptions of Ashurnasirpal II, the corpus of which collectively documents the territorial expansion and ideological self-presentation of the early Neo-Assyrian Empire.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 066

Attests Ashurnasirpal II's full titulary and three-generation dynastic genealogy back to Adad-nārārī II, anchoring the ideological framework by which Sargonid kings legitimized conquest through divine appointment and hereditary authority.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 099

Dedicates an offering to Šarrat-Kidmuri, a goddess attested almost exclusively in Assyrian royal contexts, confirming her role in Ashurnasirpal II's dynastic piety alongside the better-known cult of Aššur.

Religion & Myth·Writing & Literature

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 100

Dedicatory inscription to Ea records Ashurnasirpal II consecrating a stone object for divine protection of his reign, throne, and lineage — a concrete illustration of how Neo-Assyrian kings negotiated power through temple patronage.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 1001

One of the surviving manuscript witnesses to an Ashurnasirpal II inscription that names Tukulti-Ninurta II, anchoring the commemorative text within the tradition of Assyrian royal self-presentation at Kalḫu.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 1003

One of the composite manuscript witnesses preserving Ashurnasirpal II's building activity, attesting the ritual language Assyrian kings used to legitimize monumental construction through divine sanction.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 109

Labels temple property as belonging to the Bīt-Kidmuri at Kalḫu, anchoring the institutional landholdings of Ashurnasirpal II's newly built capital to his dynastic lineage across three generations.

Writing & Literature

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 111

Attests Ashurnasirpal II's construction of Ištar's Nineveh temple, anchoring his reign within a three-generation dynastic lineage while documenting royal patronage of the city's chief cult.

Religion & Myth·Writing & Literature

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 112

Dedicatory inscription claiming temple property for Ištar of Nineveh, linking Ashurnasirpal II's legitimacy through three generations of royal titulature to both Enlil and Aššur.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 113

Three-generation royal genealogy anchoring Ashurnasirpal II to Tukultī-Ninurta II and Adad-nārārī II, each styled vice-regent of Aššur — the titulary formula that legitimised Neo-Assyrian kingship as divinely delegated office.

Writing & Literature

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 115

Standard titulary of Ashurnasirpal II anchors his three-generation dynastic claim — Adad-nārārī II, Tukultī-Ninurta II, himself — in stone, a formulaic assertion of legitimacy typical of 9th-century Assyrian royal self-presentation.

Writing & Literature

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 116

One of the royal inscriptions establishing Ashurnasirpal II's three-generation Assyrian lineage, a formulaic claim that grounded his legitimacy in an unbroken line of world-kings.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 118

Preserves the tripartite titulary — 'appointee of Enlil, vice-regent of Aššur, king of the world' — through which Ashurnasirpal II anchored his authority in both divine appointment and dynastic descent across three generations.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 123

Labels civic property of Kalḫu in Ashurnasirpal II's three-generation royal titulary, attesting the administrative machinery by which the Assyrian crown asserted ownership over its newly built capital.

Writing & Literature

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 125

Anchors Ashurnasirpal II's reign in a three-generation patriline — Adad-nārārī II, Tukultī-Ninurta II, Ashurnasirpal II — asserting dynastic continuity as ideological foundation for his aggressive territorial expansion.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 126

Dedicatory inscription linking Ashurnasirpal II's three-generation Enlil-appointed lineage to the Ištar temple at Nineveh, documenting royal legitimation through divine office and cultic patronage in the early Neo-Assyrian period.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 127

Anchors Ashurnasirpal II's legitimacy in a three-generation chain of divine appointment — each king named vice-regent of Aššur — illustrating how Neo-Assyrian titulary encoded dynastic continuity as theological fact.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 129

A standard palace titulary of Ashurnasirpal II anchoring his legitimacy in paternal succession — one of the corpus of RIAo inscriptions (Q004583) documenting how Assyrian kings constructed royal identity in stone.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 130

Marks the palace contents of Ashurnasirpal II as sacred property of the god Ninurta, documenting the deliberate entanglement of royal and temple authority at the Assyrian court circa 875 BCE.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 135

Records Ashurnasirpal II's claim to have built the temple of Ištar of Nineveh, anchoring his legitimacy in divine patronage and a three-generation royal genealogy reaching back to Adad-nārārī II.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 137

Ownership stamp linking Ashurnasirpal II's palace archive to the Bīt-natḫi institution at Nineveh, attesting the administrative reach of Assyrian royal households beyond the capital at Kalḫu.

Writing & Literature

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 035

Titles Ashurnasirpal II as 'king of the world' and 'marvelous shepherd' in a three-generation dynastic chain, showing how Neo-Assyrian royal ideology fused cosmic dominion with divine mandate in official palace inscriptions.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 001

(i 1) To the god Ninurta, the strong, the almighty, the exalted, foremost among the gods, the splendid (and) perfect warrior whose attack in battle is unequalled, the eldest son who commands battle (skills), offspring of the god Nudimmud, warrior of the Igīgū gods, the capable, ruler of the gods, offspring of Ekur, the one who holds the bond of heaven (and) netherworld, the one who opens springs, the one who walks the wide netherworld, the god without whom no decisions are taken in heaven and netherworld, the swift, the ferocious, the one whose command is unalterable, foremost in the (four)…

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 003

(1) To the god Ninurta, the strong, the almighty, the exalted, foremost among the gods, the splendid (and) perfect warrior whose attack in battle is unequalled, the eldest son who commands battle (skills), offspring of the god Nudimmud, warrior of the Igīgū gods, the capable, ruler of the gods, offspring of Ekur, the one who holds the bond of heaven (and) netherworld, the one who opens springs, the one who walks the wide netherworld, the god without whom no decisions are taken in heaven and netherworld, the swift, the ferocious, the one whose command is unalterable, foremost in the (four)…

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 004

(1') son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also king of the world (and) king of Assyria. (2'b) For my life, so that my days might be long, my years be many, (for) the well-being of my seed (and) my land, (for) the safekeeping of my vice-regal [throne], (for) abundance in my city, (for) the increase of my people, (for) the thriving of my people in Assyria, [for the scorching of] my enemies, for the destruction of my [dangerous foes], to [subdue] under me rulers who oppose me;

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 009

(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), gre[at] king, strong [kin]g, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), [(who was) also] great king, strong king, king of the world (and) king of [Assyria].

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 017

(i 1) (The god) Aššur, the great lord, king of all the great gods; the god Anu, foremost in strength, the one who decrees destinies; the god Ea, king of the apsû, lord of wisdom (and) understanding; the god Sîn, wise one, lord of the lunar disk, lofty luminary; the god Marduk, sage, lord god of oracles; the god Adad, strong, almighty among the gods, exalted; the god Ninurta, hero, warrior of the gods, the one who lays low the wicked; the god Nusku, bearer of the holy scepter, circumspect god; the goddess Mullissu, spouse of the god Enlil, mother of the great gods; the god Nergal, perfect one,…

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 018

(1') [In my accession year (and) in my first regnal year, after] I sat on [the throne of my royal majesty] in a grandiose manner, I mus[tered (my) chariot]ry (and) [extensiv]e troops. I [co]nquered inaccessible fortresses round about. I rec[eived] a tribute of horses from the land Gilzānu. ... [Because] horses were not (continually) brought in hither to me I [became angry and] marched to the cities Ḫarira (and) Ḫalḫalauš, which (were under the authority) of the guilty rulers. Those I conquered in the eponymy of Ashurnasirpal (II) (882) . I took out their property, booty, possessions, (and)…

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 019

(1) The deities Aššur, Adad, Sîn and Šamaš, (and) Ištar, the great gods who go at the head of my troops. (5) Ashurnasirpal (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria; (the one who) acts with the support of the gods Aššur (and) Šamaš, the great gods, my lords, and has no rival among the rulers of the (10) four quarters (of the world); attentive ruler, subduer of all of the rulers, fearless in battle, ferocious dragon, the one who breaks up the forces of the rebellious, strong gišginû, who treads upon the necks of the rulers who are insubmissive to him, mighty flood-tide…

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 020

(1) [(The god) Aššur, the great lord, king of] all of the [great] gods; [the god Anu, king of the Ig]īgū and [Anunnakū gods; (lord of the lands,) the god Enlil], exalted one, father of the gods, [(creator of all); the god E]a, king of the [apsû, lord of wisdom (and) understanding; the god Sîn], wise one, king of the lunar disk, [lofty luminary; the god Adad], the exceptionally strong, [lord of abundance; the god Ša]maš, judge of heaven [and netherworld, commander of all; the god] Marduk, sage, [lord] god [of oracles; the god Ninurta], warrior of the Igīgū and [Anunnakū gods; the god] Nergal,…

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 021

(1') [...] … [...] troops [...] … [... I] brought them down [... I inflicted] upon them a major defeat. [(...) I carried off ...] their [possessions (and)] their flocks. [As for] their combat troops, [I cut off] their hands [... (x)] 200 of their fighting men [... I] destroyed [...]. (6') [...] I received [the pay]ment of the kings of lands (and) mountains. Irbibu [... of the city ...ḫ]āni, which was his fortified city, [...] trusted [in his own strength] and rebelled against me. By the command of (the god) Aš[šur, my lord, I marched against him (and)] besieged him. Around his city he had dug…

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 022

(1') which from the time of [...] the statue with the name of Tiglath-pil[eser (I) …] I marched [to the N]aʾiri [lands. I conquered] the city Barzaništu[(un) ... I carried off] their [property], possessions, oxen, sheep, [... (and)] turned (it) into a mound of ruins (lit. “a mound and ruins”). The heads of [their] warriors [I cut off ...] of the Naʾiri lands, horses, mules, [...] … I burned with fire. I destroyed, devastated, (and) [turned (it) into] a mound [of ruins (lit. “a mound and ruins”)]. (8') [...] the city Tillê rebelled [... t]hey stationed [a garrison at ...]. They stati[oned a…

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 024

(1') See Ashurnasirpal II 023 lines 7-8.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 026

(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria; the valiant man who acts with the support of (the god) Aššur, his lord, and who has no rival among the rulers of the four quarters (of the world); marvelous shepherd, fearless in battle, mighty flood-tide which has no opponent, the king who subdues those insubordinate to him, who rules all of the peoples, strong male, who…

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 028

(i 1) To the goddess Šarrat-nipḫi, great lady, foremost in heaven (and) netherworld, queen of all of the gods, the strong one whose weighty command is respected [in the temples], whose form is surpassing among the goddesses, shining countenance who like the god Šamaš, her sibling, thoroughly inspects the circumference of heaven (and) [netherworld], most capable of the Anunnakū gods, offspring of the god Anu, supreme among the gods, counsellor of her brothers, leader, the one who stirs up the seas (and) shakes the mountains, heroine of the Igīgū gods, lady of conflict and battle, without whom…

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 029

(1') the compassionate [god to whom it is good to pray ...]; (2') [Ashurnasirpal (II)], unrivalled king [of the world, king of all the four quarters (of the world), sun(god) of all people, chosen of the gods Enlil and] Ninurta, beloved of [the gods Anu (and) Dagān, destructive weapon of the great gods, the pious], beloved of your heart, ruler, [your favorite, whose priesthood is pleasing to your great divinity (and)] whose reign you established, [valiant] man [...] shepherdship of his land ... [...] my [kingship], my dominion, (and) my power which [...] I am capable, I am wise, [...]. (9')…

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 030

(1) Palace of Ashurnasirpal (II), vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, chosen of the gods Enlil and Ninurta, beloved of the gods Anu and Dagān, destructive weapon of the great gods, strong king, king of the world, [king of] Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also great king, strong king, king of the world, (and) king of Assyria; the valiant man who acts with the support of (the god) Aššur, his lord, and who has no rival among the rulers of the four quarters (of the world); marvelous shepherd,…

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~875 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRIAo

Ashurnasirpal II 031

(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria; the valiant man who acts with the support of (the god) Aššur, his lord, and who has no rival among the rulers of the four quarters (of the world); marvelous shepherd, fearless in battle, mighty flood-tide which has no opponent, the king who made (the territory stretching) from the opposite bank of the Tigris River to…

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

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