Position in chronology
Iraq 62, 022 JRL 1027 catalogue
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P430848.
Transliteration
1(disz) [x] 3(disz) masz2 niga# 1(disz) x 1(disz) x ba#-usz2# u4 2(disz)-kam# [ki ...-ta] [...] [szu ba-ti] [iti ...] [mu ...] 6(disz) [udu]
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — Iraq 62, 022 JRL 1027 catalogue. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: John Rylands Library, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK (P430848) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P430848..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.