Position in chronology
Tiglath-pileser III 20
Translation · reference
High confidenceAfter gap, continued from text no. 19 (1') [of] Raḫiānu (Rezin) [of the land Damascus ... I carried off his he]avy [booty. ...] his advisor [... With the blood of his] war[riors I] dyed the [...] River, [..., a] raging [torrent], red [like a fl]ower. [I ...] his [lead]ers, (5´) charioteers, and [...]. I broke their weapons. I cap[tur]ed ... their horses, [their] mul[es], his [war]riors, archers, (as well as his) shield [bea]rers (and) lancers, and [I disper]sed their battle array. (8'b) In order to save his life, he (Raḫiānu) fled alone and entered the gate of his city [like] a mongoose.…
Source: Tadmor, H. & Yamada, S. 2011. The Royal Inscriptions of Tiglath-pileser III (744–727 BC) and Shalmaneser V (726–722 BC), Kings of Assyria. RINAP 1. University Park, PA: Eisenbrauns. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/rinap/rinap1/Q003433/
Why it matters
Transliteration
[ša m]⸢ra⸣-ḫi-a-ni [... šal-la-su?] / [ka]-bit-tu [áš-lu-la ...] ⸢LÚ⸣.ma-lik-⸢šu⸣ [...] / [da-me] ⸢LÚ⸣.qu-[ra-di-šú] ⸢ÍD⸣.x [...] x x šam-ru1 / [aṣ]-ru-pa [il]-lu-ri-[iš ... a-lik] pa-ni-šu2 / ⸢LÚ⸣.EN GIŠ.GIGIR.MEŠ ù [... GIŠ].⸢TUKUL⸣.MEŠ-šú-nu ú-šab-bir-ma / [x] x ANŠE.KUR.RA.MEŠ-šú-nu ⸢ANŠE⸣.[GÌR.NUN.NA].⸢MEŠ⸣-[šú-nu LÚ.mun]-⸢daḫ⸣-ṣe-šu na-ši GIŠ.PAN3 / [na]-⸢ši*⸣ ka-ba-bi az-ma-re-e ina ŠU.II…
Scholarly note
Royal inscription of Tiglath-pileser III or Shalmaneser V, edited by Hayim Tadmor & Shigeo Yamada (RINAP 1, 2011). ORACC text Q003433.
Attribution
Image: Created by Hayim Tadmor, Shigeo Yamada, Jamie Novotny, and the Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period (RINAP) Project, 2011. Lemmatized by Jamie Novotny, 2010, for the NEH-funded RINAP Project at the University of Pennsylvania. The annotated edition is released under the Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike license 3.0. Please cite this page as http://oracc.org/rinap/Q003433/..
Translation excerpted from Tadmor, H. & Yamada, S. 2011. The Royal Inscriptions of Tiglath-pileser III (744–727 BC) and Shalmaneser V (726–722 BC), Kings of Assyria. RINAP 1. University Park, PA: Eisenbrauns. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/rinap/rinap1/Q003433/.
Related tablets
Related sources
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.
The oldest surviving law code in human history. The principle that the state — not the wronged family — defines and enforces justice begins here.
Not the first law code, but the most complete and the most famous. Inscribed on a black diorite stele over two meters tall, displayed in a public place — law made visible, law made monumental.