Position in chronology
MSL 12, 092 B'
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P373784.
Transliteration
MUNUS# ga2-ga2 = %a mu-s,ap-[...] MUNUS sag-rig7-ga = %a szar-ra-[...] MUNUS al-nu-nu-MIN?# = %a t,a-[...] MUNUS uh2-zu = %a kasz#-[...] MUNUS IGI SZID e11-e-de3 = %a mu-sze#-[...] MUNUS szag4-zu = %a szab#?-[...] MUNUS en-nu-un = %a [...] x# x# [...] = %a [...]
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Neo-Assyrian (ca. 911-612 BC)) — MSL 12, 092 B'. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: British Museum, London, UK (P373784) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P373784..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.