Position in chronology
RINAP 4 Esarhaddon 033, ex. 001
Not yet translated
This tablet is catalogued with its transliteration and photographed, but no published translation exists yet. Our translation engine works through the untranslated corpus every night, oldest first — this page will update the day its turn comes. If you are a specialist and can read it, we would love your help.
From the same catalogue range (near P397213)
Transliteration
[... la] na#-s,ir zik-ri _an-szar2 lugal dingir-mesz_ la pa-lih3 _en_-ti-ia [...] x hab-ba-tu2 szar-ra-qu lu sza2 hi-t,u ih-t,u-u da-mi it-bu-ku [... _]sag#? nam_ ak-li sza2-pi-ru re-du-u a-na szub-ri-a ih-li-qu [...] an#-nu-u ki-i-am asz2-pur-szu-ma _lu2-mesz_ an-nu-ti _nimgir2_ ina _kur_-ka szul-si-ma [...]-ti#? pu-uh-hi-ra-szu2-nu-ti-ma et,-lu e-du la tu-masz-szar-ma [...] _igi_ pirig-gal _gaszan gal_-ti _e2-kur_ szu-us,-bit-su-nu-ti [...]-ti szi-pir-tu sza2 bul-lu-t,u _zi_-ti3-szu2-nu [...] x _bu_ it-ti _a kin_-ia _kaskal kur_ an-szar2 li-is,-bat-<u?>-nim-ma [...] _ku#?_ dam-qu sza2 ba-lat, _zi_-ti3-szu2 in-szi-[ma] [_...]-mesz kur an-szar2 ARAD2-mesz_-ia pa-nu-usz-szu2 e-[...] [...] x _usz_ a-di u2-ri-ni ina _szu-min a kin_ sza2# [...] [...] mim?-mu-u i-pu-lu-usz u2-sza2-an-na#-[a ...] [...] i-s,a-ri-ih# [ka-bat-ti] [...]-u2-ti i-_bala#_ [...] [...] x x [...]
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Neo-Assyrian (ca. 911-612 BC)) — RINAP 4 Esarhaddon 033, ex. 001. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: British Museum, London, UK (P397213) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P397213..
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One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.