Position in chronology
KBo 09, 003
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P358327.
Why it matters
Transliteration
1(u) 5(disz) _gin2 ku3-babbar!_ ti2-re-e i-s,e2-er pu-ut-ka3-an! _dumu_ ha-ar-la2-ti2 da-a-a _dumu_ il5-ba-ni i-szu 1(disz) _ma-na_-um 1/3(disz) _ma-na_ s,i2-ib-tam u2-s,a-ab2 _iti 1(disz)-kam_ ku-zal-li li-mu-um sza qa2-ti2 za-a-a _igi_ a-ta-a-a! _dumu_ puzur2-i3-li2 _igi_ szu-esz18-dar _dumu_ puzur2-a-na
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — KBo 09, 003. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin, Germany (P358327) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P358327..
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One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.