Position in chronology
CDLI Literary 000796, ex. 111
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P230522.
Transliteration
gesz si#-[...] gesz ansze#-[...] gesz dim-[...] gesz kab#-bar# gesz gigir gesz e2-gigir# [...] gigir# [...] gigir# [...] gag-sal4# [...] za-ra-gag-sal4 gesz umbin-gag-sal4 gesz# szid#-du10-gar-ra gesz# szid#-du10-bar-ra gesz szid#-du10#-[...]-sza3#-ga gesz mar-gid2-da
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC)) — CDLI Literary 000796, ex. 111. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA (P230522) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P230522..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.