Position in chronology
BIN 10, 119
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P236663.
Why it matters
Transliteration
1(disz) ummu3 hal ki szu-nin-kar-<ak>-ta kiszib3 nanna-i3-sa6 iti sig4-a mu us2-sa bad3 li-bur-isz-bi-er3-ra nanna-i3-sa6 dumu lugal-ezem sagi
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — BIN 10, 119. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, UK (P236663) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P236663..
Related tablets
Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.