Sumerian·Book

Theme

Economy

Tens of thousands of tablets recording cattle distributions, silver weights, temple inventories, and merchant contracts. The world's first accounting — and the reason writing exists at all.

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How to Read Cuneiform: What 102,246 Tablets Actually Say

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Uruk Period40003100 BCE· 1,741 tablets
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

ATU 5, pl. 013, W 6710,a

1. 1(N14) 3(N01), [commodity-sign ZATU678] — male workers (ERIM~a) 2. 1(N14), [commodity-sign ZATU678] — [sign ZATU765] 3. 5(N01), [sign ZATU718?] 4. 5(N01), woman/female (SAL) 5. 5(N01), PAP~a (supervisory/summary marker) 6. 1(N14), copper(?) (URUDU~a?) 7. 4(N14) 8(N01), [total, no commodity given]

Economy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

ATU 5, pl. 071, W 9579,cc

Obverse: 2(N01), AB2 NUN~a ZATU639 LAM~b NIMGIR GU4 (2 units: cow [qualified by] NUN~a, ZATU639, LAM~b, herald, ox) 1(N01), AB2 X BA# [...] (1 unit: cow [qualified by] the unread sign X; disbursed(?) — remainder broken) 1(N01), AB2 SZE~b UNUG~a (1 unit: cow [qualified by] barley, Uruk) 4(N01), AB2# GU4 ZATU639 UNUG~a (4 units: cow(?), ox, ZATU639, Uruk)

Economy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

ATU 5, pl. 077, W 9579,dv

1. 2(N34) 2(N01) — [designation:] NUN 2. 1(N34) 2(N14) — she-goats (UD5) 3. 4(N14) 9(N01) [...] — [...] wethers / castrated male sheep (UDUNITA) 4. 4(N14) 1(N01) — [designation:] NIR-UKKIN-UTUA 5. 7(N34) 3(N14) 8(N01) — sheep (UDU), disbursed (BA)

Economy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

ATU 5, pl. 089, W 9656,ab

(Obverse, case 1) 1(N01) — |1(N58).BAD~a| (case 2) 1(N01) — ZATU689 (case 3) [...] — ZAG~b [...] (case 4) 1(N01) — ZATU693, UKKIN~a (case 5) 1(N01) — AK~a (case 6) 1(N01) [...] — [...] (Reverse/final case) [...] 9(N01) — [...] KU6~a NUN~b

Economy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

ATU 7, pl. 018, W 19416,a

1. 2(N14) — MA (vessel/boat-sign), ZATU735~b (unidentified sign) 2. 2(N14) — GU, SIG2~b, HAŠḪUR (apple/orchard-fruit) 3. 2(N01) — DIN, GAN~c×LAGAB~b (compound field/enclosure sign) 4. 2(N01) — GAN~c×X (compound sign, second element illegible) 5. 1(N14)# — GAN~b 6. [...] GI, SAR~a׊E~a (compound sign), DA~a 7. [...] — DIN 8. 7(N01)# — MA 9. 2(N34) — HAŠḪUR (apple/orchard-fruit) 10. 2(N14) — MA, ZATU735~b 11. SAR~a׊E~a#, A#, [...]

Economy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 3009

(Obverse) 2(N14) , U2~b DI — 20 units of fodder/plant-material, [sign] DI 3(N14) 4(N01) , ZATU842 EN~a — 34 units of [ZATU842], (for/under) the EN (lord/high official) 2(N14) , UNUG~a — 20 units, (of/at) Uruk , — (word/entry divider) 2(N14) , SAG IB~a — 20 units, SAG-IB (a category or personnel/commodity heading) 3(N14) 2(N01) , ERIN — 32, troop-personnel/labor-gang 3(N14) , NUNUZ~a2 — 30, NUNUZ (grain/seed category) 2(N34) 3(N14) 6(N01) , KISZ GAL~a# SANGA~a# EN~a#? [...] — (large total sign) 36, total/sum(?), the great sanga-official, the EN (lord) [...broken...] (Reverse: broken/effaced by…

Economy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 3010

(Numerical/administrative notation tablet — proto-cuneiform, no verbal syntax; each line records a count and an associated sign-group) 1. 1(N01) — SAL ("woman"/female category) 2. 6(N01) — ŠA3~a1 (compound sign, "interior/heart"-element, uncertain commodity or institutional designation) 3. 2(N01) — NINDA2×X (compound bread/ration sign with attached qualifier) 4. 1(N01) — KUR~a, |U4×1(N57)| ("highland/foreign-land" sign together with a compound U4-numeral sign) 5. 9(N01) — X X (two signs, illegible/unidentified due to surface damage) 6. 1(N01) — DU8~c×HI(?) (compound sign, reading of the HI-el…

Economy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 3160

1. 5(N01), PAP~a, UZ — "5 (N01-units): PAP~a [supervisory/summary mark], UZ [commodity/bird sign]" 2. 1(N14), SI NAGA E2~b(?) — "1 (N14-unit): SI [horn(?)] NAGA [sign, uncertain] E2~b [house/storehouse, sign damaged]" 3. 4(N01), SZUBUR — "4 (N01-units): Šubur [personal name or worker-class designation]" 4. 3(N01), EZEM~c — "3 (N01-units): EZEM [festival-sign, variant c]" 5. 7(N01), PA~a — "7 (N01-units): PA~a [overseer/category mark]" 6. 4(N14) 2(N01), BARA2~a — "4 (N14-units), 2 (N01-units): BARA2~a [institutional/dais category]" 7. 6(N14), SZE~a BA ERIN — "6 (N14-units) of barley: disbursed…

Economy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 3171

1. 5(N01) units: sheep (UDU) — DIM(?) 2. 5(N01) units: HAL — PAP (supervisory/summary marker) 3. 5(N01) units: ŠUR — [illegible sign] 4. 4(N01) units: ZATU678(?) [undeciphered sign] 5. 3(N14) units: LAGAB×(HI×N04) [compound sign, undeciphered] 6. 4(N01) units: ZATU753 [undeciphered sign] 7. 6(N01) units: goat (MAŠ2) 8. 3(N01) units: BIR — cow (AB2) 9. 4(N01) units: GA2×NUN [compound sign, undeciphered] 10. 5(N01) units: PA — ZATU659(?) [undeciphered sign] 11. 3(N01) units: DA 12. ŠUR [no quantity given] 13. URU (settlement/city sign) — 8(N57) units

Economy
~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 4485

1(N01) , GAL ("great/large") — SZU2 ("into the hand" / receipt marker) — 3(N57) 1(N01) , GESZTU ("ear") — SZIM (aromatic/resin) — SZU ("hand") 1(N01) , SI4 (sign, meaning uncertain) 1(N01) , GAN2(?) ("field") — UR3xMASZ (compound sign, meaning uncertain) 1(N01) , SI ("horn") — UR3 (sign, meaning uncertain) 1(N01) , ZATU844 (unidentified sign) — AMAR ("calf/young animal") (damaged) — X X [...] (illegible/broken)

Economy
~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

ATU 7, pl. 084, W 22102,5+

1. 4(N14): |GA2~a1xU4| (compound sign), (of the) courtyard, fish. 2. 2(N14): KALAM~b (land/community), small, female, fish, PAP~a (supervisor/total-marker). 3. 4(N01): fish, (for/of) the SUKKAL (vizier/minister), TE. 4. 2(N01): |GIxGISZ@t| (compound reed-wood sign). 5. 2(N01): HI (mixed), U4 (day). 6. 3(N01)# [...], [text broken/lost]. 7. 5(N01): TUR3~b (cattle-pen/byre). 8. 5(N01): HI (mixed) U4 (day), (the) GURUSZDA (animal-fattener/official). 9. 2(N01): GISZIMMAR~b1(?) (date palm). 10. 1(N01) [...], [text broken/lost].

Economy
~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CDLI Lexical 000030, ex. 057

1(N01), [......] X AD~a(?) 5(N01), MUNU3(?) 5(N01), GAZI 1(N01), [......] 1(N14), SUHUR 1(N14), KAR2~b 1(N01), [......] 1(N01), [......] 1(N01), X [......] 1(N01), [......] [N], [......] X

Economy

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Early Dynastic29002334 BCE· 2,542 tablets
~2800 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

CUSAS 35, 471

(obverse) [...] — [...] [...] — [...] 4 — ...(UR?) ... goat(s), DA 4 — given/deposited (RU) 4 — USZ(?), first quality [...] — [...] dar-bird(s) (francolin?) [...] — [...] DA, GA(?) 4 — calf/calves, the EN (lord/priest-ruler), disbursed(?) 2 — E2(?), BU, NINDA2xNE (ration/bread-measure sign) [...] — NINDA2xNE, two illegible signs, [...] (remainder broken)

Economy
~2800 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

FMB 27

(obverse, archaic administrative entries) [...] : PA (overseer/classifier), oxen(?) 4(N14) [= 40?] : first-fruits offering (NESAG), with(?) the EN (lord), NAM2, KAB, GAR (placed?) 5(N14) [= 50?] : field (GAN2), cow(?) ..., the EN(?) 3(N14) [= 30?] : ..., AD(?) 3(N14) [= 30?] : KA, mound (DU6) 2(N50) 7(N14) : field (GAN2), (the sign) SILA3-vessel-in-jar (a capacity/vessel designation) [...] : IB, goat (MASZ), copper [...] : TUM3 (brought/delivered?), tablet (DUB) [...] : MUSZ3, ... (damaged) 2(N14) [= 20?] : GISZ×SZU2, ... [break] 2(N14) [= 20?] : BU [break] 2(N14) [= 20?] : ..., BU [break] 4(N…

Economy
~2800 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nisaba 25, 01

(obverse) [1?] ... field(?) (GAN2) [1?] Sud-ur(?) 1 — U-ma 1 — Šul-šul 1 — ... [...] 1 — Šul-la 1 — a woman, ... (SAL + illegible sign) (remainder broken; reverse uninscribed/eroded)

Economy
~2800 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nisaba 25, 02

(obverse) [1] female kid — X-me-en (name partly illegible) [1] nanny goat — Zur-zur ... ... [...] (line too damaged to read) 1 (male) kid — En-kulaba-si 1 female kid — Nanna-mud 1 female kid — Igi-gigi 2 (male) kids — [...] (recipient's name lost in break)

Economy
~2800 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nisaba 25, 05

(obverse) 1. NI NI — ... (two NI signs; perhaps 'oil'?) ... 2. MA NI AN NA — a container(?) ... AN ... (reading of the sign cluster uncertain) 3. NA NI — ... 4. NA NI — ... 5. NI ŠEŠ — ... brother(?) ... 6. (one illegible sign) 7. Tablet [...] 8. Tablet ... (DUB NE) 9. AK NIM GI₄ — ... performed(?) ... returned(?) ... 10. (illegible sign) SI — ... horn(?)/SI ... (Break) 11. Mother(?) (AMA) [...] 12. Addition(?) (DAH) [...] 13. Addition(?) (DAH) ... tablet ... syrup/honey (LAL₃) (reverse: uninscribed / broken away)

Economy
~2800 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nisaba 25, 10

(obverse) [...] SAR [...] UR(?)-A [Pa]-bilga(?) [...] SI-A(?) [Amar(?)]-e-gibil 1 [...] 1 ... SI(?) [1(?)] the governor (ensi) (remainder, including reverse, uninscribed or effaced)

Economy
~2800 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nisaba 25, 13

(Beginning broken) 1 — beer(?) 1 — beer(?) 1 — ... multicolored(?) ... 2 — ME, NAGA(?) (Break) ... KU(?), work-troop(?), KI 1 — [...] 2 — é-ak ("of the house"?) (Break) 2 — [...] barley 1 — ... 2 — ... (Remainder lost)

Economy
~2800 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nisaba 25, 18

... calves. 1 sheep — Amar-egal ('Calf-of-the-palace'). [...] sheep — Nanna-duggen. 1 kid goat — Ama-e-si. 1 sheep (and) nanny-goat — ...-gi (name partly unreadable).

Economy
~2800 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nisaba 25, 23

1 — Šešib-du (ŠEŠ+IB-du10) 1 — Ur-ge (Ur-ge6, "dog/man of the night") 1 — Amar-ME-TE 1 — Amar-Niraḫ ("calf of the snake-god Niraḫ") 1 — Ama-ulgal [1 — Munus?]-alan 1 — Pabilga 1 — Bil-mesi 1 — Ama-GAsi (ama-GA2-si) (remainder broken)

Economy
~2800 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nisaba 25, 28

Obverse: 2 (units) — young animal(s) of Nirah(?), first quality(?) 1 (unit) — ... (two illegible signs) ... egg(?) 1 (unit) — MU [...] 2 (units) — Dilmun 2 (units) — [...] ... AN ... (unidentified archaic sign)

Economy
~2800 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nisaba 25, 32

(obverse) [1 , ...] ... aromatics(?) (ŠIM) [1 , (name lost)] [1] , Amar-sar [1] , Ur-[...] [1] , Nanna-šul(?) 1 , ... DU8 ŠU [sila(?)] 1 , [...]-Nirah(?) 1 , Ama-IGI-BUR 1 , Ba-za 1 , Amar-ib [1] , Nanna-[...] 1 , [...]-PA 1 , ... [...] (remainder broken)

Economy
~2800 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nisaba 25, 33

(obverse) [n (units of)] milk(?) — the donkey herdsman; 4 (jars of) barley beer — Lugal-[...]; [...] DIN; 1 (loaf of) bread, 1 jar — Ur-ga; 3 — remainder(?), the cupbearer: barley (and) bread of the daughter; 2 — bread (of) barley(?); 3 [...]; 1 jar — Sag-ku; 1 [...]; 1 [...]; 1 [...].

Economy

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Akkadian Empire23342154 BCE· 2,747 tablets
~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

AAICAB 1/2, pl. 140, 1971-349

1. 20 gur barley (by the sag-gal₂ ["great-head"] measure) — 2. (for) the gala-priest (and) the chief carpenter; 3. 20 — Ur-e₂, the leatherworker; 4. 20 — Inim-Utu; 5. 20 — En-ane, the SIG₁₅; 6. (n, not given) — the gala, the SIG₁₅; 7. 20 — Adkup-gal (the [chief] reed-worker/mat-weaver); 8. they are the men of Nu-ira; 9. the farmer is their commissioner (maškim).

Economy
~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

AAICAB 1/3, pl. 245, Bod S 295

2 barig beer bread (of) Akkade 2 barig groats 2 barig malt 2 barig flour 2 ban2 fine flour (for) Mama-hursag Total: 1 gur 3 barig 2 ban2 flour, by the Akkade gur-standard 2 ban2 fine flour Year 3, month 7 (ITI sign: |UDxSZE.TIL| — a locally-named month).

Economy
~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

AAICAB 1/4, Bod S 340

1. 1 barig, 3 ban2 fine flour (zi3-sig15) of Agade (a-ga-de3) 2. 1 gur, 1 barig zi3-gu-flour 3. 3 gur dabin-flour (coarse flour) 4. 2 gur, 3 ban2(?) barley malt-flour (zi3-munu4) 5. 2 ban2 [...] AN(?) [...] (broken) 6. A(?) [......] (broken, largely illegible) 7. [......] (illegible) 8. 1 barig(?) [......] (broken) 9. 2 years, 2 months

Economy
~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

AAS 009

2 jars of 5-ban2 beer, 2 jars of 3-ban2 beer, (for) the additional first-fruits offering (nesag diri). Total: 2 barig 4 ban2 — its barley (equivalent). 6 years, 8 months.

Economy
~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

AAS 012

2 sheep, "chosen by the heart" (selected/designated) 1 lamb, the flank(?) of UD-ḪUB2 (uncertain term/name) 1 lamb (for) Dumuzi 1 lamb (for) Lugal-pa'e 1 sheep (for) the cook 5 lambs (for) the Abzu [1]1 sheep, (for) the diviner (maš-šu-gi4-gi4) Total: 14 sheep, 10 minus 1 (= 9) lambs — booked out (disbursed).

Economy
~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

AAS 202

x x [...] (traces, illegible) 1 [...] kal-la(?) — (name, ending in -kalla) 1 Me-pa-x(?) — (personal name) 1 Ur-[...] — (personal name) 1 Lugal-maškim [1] Lu2-[...] — (personal name) [1] Lu2 [...] — (personal name) [...] pa-geš-[...] (traces) Its inspection was performed (gurum2-bi i3-ak). 7 years, 5 months.

Economy
~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

MCS 4, 014 04

(Obverse — top broken) [...] ... [...]-muti, [...]-tebisir; 1 gur 4 barig — ...-ruk...; 1 gur 2 barig — Inzu; 1 gur 4 barig — Baruksir; 2 gur — Atiti; 1 gur 4 barig — Kiti; [n +] 1 gur — ...-imma; [...] ... . (Reverse) [Total: ... n gur] 4 barig 2 ban of barley, by the gur-measure, [...] ...-gar; foreman: Kiti. (Remainder of reverse uninscribed)

Economy
~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

CT 50, 049

566 sheep, 303 female goats — confirmed on the broad tablet. 135 sheep, 12 lambs: these are sheep of the slaughter-rotation. Sheep at pasture. Year: the expedition-yoke at the drinking-hall was established.

Economy
~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

CUSAS 11, 283

143 gur of barley — its field-area: 1 bur3. Month of Še-sag-kal, day 7. Field of Mu-nu11-mah; [Field of Gada-gar-Ib]-ni-Suen — it is (this).

Economy
~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Lippmann Coll 001

3 [units] of finest-quality bread; 36 gu2-zi jars; 18 jars of [...]; [...] received. At the mouth of the small canal — bread disbursed. Lugal-an-dul3, chief cupbearer; Mes-ki-gal-la, governor of Adab.

Economy
~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Lippmann Coll 004

[n ...] weaver(s) [...]... [...]-lum [...] house [...] their commissioner [...] bank of the city [n?] I-lum-gar3, scribe — An-na-šum2. 1 merchant: An-na-šum2. A garment has been issued.

Economy
~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Lippmann Coll 006

32 + [n] sheep Adda [n +] 23 — Inim-ma-ni-zi 30 — E2-dam-si 30 — Nin-da [n +] 8 — [lu2...]-u2-[...] [remainder broken]

Economy

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Ur III · Neo-Sumerian21122004 BCE· 28,017 tablets
~2112 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

RTC 263

3 talents (gu2), 11 minas of wool, from/by the great stone-weight (na4-mah) — was weighed out. Deficit: 30 minas less 1 (= 29 minas) — (for) Lu-dumuzi. 3 talents, 34 minas — was weighed out. ... [...] ... (broken/illegible) wool of sheep [...] (broken) Ur-abba, the governor (ensi2). Year: "Ur-Namma the king put the road in order from the lowland to the highland."

Economy
~2099 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

AAICAB 1/1, pl. 059, 1924-0553

24 talents of gir-gul wool, by the weight-stone of 1 talent 1 2/3 mina each, via Šulgi-mišar; wool of the sheep-house of Tummal, from [PN]-Inanna — delivery. Nur-Suen received it. Month: "šu-eš-ša"; Year: "The throne of Enlil was fashioned."

Economy
~2099 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

AAICAB 1/2, pl. 093, 1935-541

16 sar 10 gin2 of bricks — (for) Agagaa, the singer/musician. 20 sar of bricks — within the hamlet (e2-duru5). 3 2/3 sar 5 gin2 — within the mill-house (e2-kikken-na) — (for) the boatman. Bricks carried, as reckoned (szid-da). [...] Umani — via [conveyor?]. Month: 'e2-iti-6' (month 6). Year: 'the throne of Enlil was fashioned.'

Economy
~2086 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

AAICAB 1/1, pl. 055, 1923-427

15 kaskal-...[broken] 7 doves (tu-gur8) delivered into the palace, from Lugal-ku3zu, via ...[PN broken], under seal of Ur-[Šul]-pa-e3. Month: Dal. Year: 'The throne of Enlil was fashioned.' (Seal:) Ur-Šulpa-e3, scribe, son of Lugal-ku3ga-[ni].

Economy
~2085 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

AAICAB 1/1, pl. 059, 1924-0555

2 lambs, the 28th day; from Abba-saga — Intaea took in charge (received them). Month: extra month, following the festival of Me-ki-gal; Year: "the throne of Enlil was fashioned" (Šu-Suen year 5). 2 (total).

Economy
~2045 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

AAS 048

1 suckling cow, 1 suckling ox — calves of the cattle-drive (driven animals); via (giri3) Abba-gina, the cowherd, Kas4 took (them) in charge. Year: "Ḫarši (and) Kimaš were destroyed." (= Šulgi year 48)

Economy
~2033 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

AAS 024

Obverse: [2 eše] 3 iku of field, reaped and stacked, at 1/2 (and) 1/4 iku (of field per workday); harrowed with the beam-harrow, 3 times, at 4 1/2 iku (of field per workday); the labor of the work-troop involved: 150 days. Field: KWU729-...[...]. [Foreman:] Šeš-[...]. [Sealed tablet] of Ur-E[mah]. Year: "The year after Šu-Suen, [the king], built the Amorite wall." Seal inscription: Ur-Emah, scribe, son of Dada.

Economy
~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Šulgi 96 / CDLI Seals 005318 (CDLI Seals 005318 (composite))

Seal impression of a military governor of Uruk and Dēr attesting the administrative hierarchy binding provincial officials to the Ur III crown under Šulgi.

Economy
~2099 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

AuOr 31, 232 01

2 billy-goats (mature male goats), 1 milk-fed lamb, (booked as) slaughtered, day 12, from Nalu, Ur-nigar received. Month: "Ubi-feast" (iti u5-bi2-gu7), Year: "the throne of Enlil was fashioned" (Amar-Suena year 2).

Economy
~2099 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

MVN 05, 027

1/2 (unit): Lugal-nig-lagare; from month: “Harvest” (iti sze-sag11-ku5); 1 (unit): the field(?) of Balula; month: “Dumuzi”; year: “the throne of Enlil was fashioned”; 1/2 (unit): Ur-Utu; 1/2 (unit): Ur-sisa; from month: “Harvest” (iti sze-sag11-ku5); year: “En-mahgalana was installed”; from Lugal-muma’ag; Lu-kalla took in charge (received); Lu-kalla, the scribe, son of Ur-e’e, the cattle-manager (šušš3).

Economy
~2099 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Nisaba 17, 005a-d

7 gur barley (royal measure) — flour, for KA (rations?) — barley of the šuku-rations, was withdrawn (booked out) from the granary of the cultivated land (uru11) — Lu-saga received (it), for the workers of the various shrines. Month: "Harvest" (sze-sag11-ku5). Year: "The throne of Enlil was fashioned."

Economy
~2098 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Kress 240

7 1/2 shekels of su’a(?)-wool, a royal nig-daga (consignment/delivery) from Šulgi-mišar, Ilabunigadu received; within Puzriš-Dagan. Month: 'šah-ku-gu7' (piglets-devoured), Year following the year: 'The throne of Enlil was fashioned.'

Economy

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Old Babylonian20001600 BCE· 6,837 tablets
~2099 BCE·Old BabylonianOur engine

MS 1739/1

1 royal gur of barley, corresponding to 1 1/4 shekels of silver, from Katar — Puzur-Haya received (it). Witness: Ur-dukuga. Witness: Puzur-<Ha>ya. Month: 'extra month, Harvest' (intercalary). Year: 'the throne of Enlil was fashioned.' (second entry, reverse) 1 gur of barley [...] for/in the amount of [...] Witness: Puzur-[...] Month: 'extra month, Harv[est]' Year: 'the thro[ne ...']

Economy
~2017 BCE·Old BabylonianOur engine

TLB 05, 10

1 naḫbatum (leather bag/pouch), royal ka-kara4 (leather strap/gear) — sheep hide, ram(?)-hide, its black (portion): 9; its cord/sinew: 5 shekels. 8 shoes (with) hoof-fittings(?), royal ka-kara4, 1 (or) 2 each. Ox hide, its tanning-agent (u2-ḫab2): 5 shekels. Billy-goat hide, its black (portion): 2/3. 3 baskets of gug2-cake (bread); its bitumen: 5 sila. For the offering of the granary. Via Ur-alla and Iddin-Adad, the cook; overseer: Anaḫ-ili. Day [n]. Month: NE-NE-gar. Year: Išbi-Erra, the king, defeated Šimaški and Elam. Copy (gaba-ri).

Economy
~1984 BCE·Old BabylonianOur engine

JANES 18, 44 08

2 ban₂ 7 sila₃ of bread (made) of dabin-flour, festival provisions for the month Gu'sisu (month II), which are on hand with A-zida; in the month NE-NE-gar (Abu, month V) it is to be delivered. Month: Gu'sisu. Year: Šu-ilišu (is) king. A-zida, son of Ur-nigar.

Economy
~1984 BCE·Old BabylonianOur engine

JANES 18, 45 10

6 sila of bread — of/for the AB[…] (temple? household?), food allotment (šuku) of the [...]-people; month: NE.[NE]-gar (Abu), day 11, [...] [...] received(?) [...] Year: Šu-ilišu the king built the wall (called) Rīm-Ištar.

Economy
~1974 BCE·Old BabylonianOur engine

JANES 18, 48 21

4 sila of honeyed flour, [n] sila of dates (in) a burzi-bowl — delivery; from the temple of Enlil [En]um-Suen has received. Month: Še-sag-ku (harvest month). Year: Iddin-Dagan the king — Matum-niatum, his daughter, the king of Anšan married her. Enum-Suen, the scribe.

Economy
~1974 BCE·Old BabylonianOur engine

JANES 18, 48 24

4 sheep, cooked (al-še₆), (from/for) Inim-Enlila, [in] Nippur. [De]livery. For ... meat. [...] the house of Gissu(?) [...] [Month:] Apin-du'a (eighth month), [...] day 12. [Year:] "Iddin-Dagan the king elevated the lumaḫ-priest of [the goddess] Nin-Isina."

Economy
~1974 BCE·Old BabylonianOur engine

JANES 18, 49 25

7 sheep, cooked (boiled), regular offerings (sá-du₁₁) of Enlil and Ninlil. Delivery, for the meat-house (é-uzu), from the É-gissu; sealed tablet of the šatammu-officials. Month: Gan-gan-è (month IX), day 26, year: Iddin-Dagan the king elevated (installed) the lumaḫ-priest of Nin-Isina.

EconomyReligion & Myth
~1974 BCE·Old BabylonianOur engine

JANES 18, 49 26

9 sheep, cooked; [...] x [...] within Nippur. From (the household of) É-gissu: delivery. Month: gan-gan-e₃ (month IX). Year: Iddin-Dagan the king elevated the lumaḫ-priest of Nin-Isina.

Economy
~1974 BCE·Old BabylonianOur engine

JANES 18, 49 27

5 rams, regular offering(s) (for) Enlil and Ninlil, within Nippur; deliv[ery] for the é-uzu ("meat house"); sealed tablet of the šatam-officials. The 9th day (lit. "day ten minus one"), month: Ab-è (month X), year: Iddin-Dagan the king fashioned the great emblem for Nin-Isina.

Economy
~1974 BCE·Old BabylonianOur engine

JANES 18, 50 29

6 rams — the 26th day; 3 rams — the 28th day: regular offerings (sattukku) of Enlil and Ninlil, in Nippur; from the E-gissu ("House of the Shade") delivery to the <house> of meat (slaughterhouse). Sealed by the šatammu-officials. Month: Ab-e (10th month, Nippur calendar). Year: Iddin-Dagan, the king, fashioned a great emblem for Ninisina.

EconomyReligion & Myth
~1973 BCE·Old BabylonianOur engine

JANES 18, 48 23

5 sila of ... flour, provision of the king (šuku lugal), delivery (mu-kux) — the house(?) of Enlil. Enum-Suen received (it). Month: Še-sag-ku ("harvest," month XII). Year after (the year) Iddin-Dagan the king fashioned the throne of the Dubla-maḫ ... [...] for him/her. Enum-Suen, the scribe.

Economy
~1950 BCE·Old BabylonianOur engine

JANES 18, 41 02

31 loaves of bread, goods for transport (níg-ki-lah), (for/of) Anamu; available with [...]; [...] (break) Month: "Sowing" (Šu-numuna). Year: "The wall (named) 'Eštar-tāram-Išbi-Erra' ('Ištar-loves-Išbi-Erra') was built." [...]-ane, the perfumer (oil-presser) of Enlil.

Economy

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Old Assyrian20001700 BCE· 672 tablets
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianRIAo

Aminu 2001

(1) Rībam-ilī, scribe, servant of Aminu.

Economy
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianRIAo

Sargon I 1 / CDLI Seals 003474

(1) The divine Sargon (I), vice-regent of the god Aššur, son of Ikūnum, vice-regent of the god Aššur.

Economy
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CDLI Seals 001363 (physical)

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC) ?) — CDLI Seals 001363 (physical). No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CDLI Seals 001370 (physical)

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — CDLI Seals 001370 (physical). No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CDLI Seals 001376 (physical)

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC) ?) — CDLI Seals 001376 (physical). No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CDLI Seals 001508 (physical)

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC) ?) — CDLI Seals 001508 (physical). No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CDLI Seals 001510 (physical)

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC) ?) — CDLI Seals 001510 (physical). No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CDLJ 2010/1 §6.01

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — CDLJ 2010/1 §6.01. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily LifeEconomy
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CDLJ 2010/1 §6.05

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — CDLJ 2010/1 §6.05. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily LifeEconomy
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CDLJ 2010/1 §6.06

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — CDLJ 2010/1 §6.06. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily LifeEconomy
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

CDLJ 2010/1 §6.07

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — CDLJ 2010/1 §6.07. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily LifeEconomy
~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianEditorial

Fs T. Özgüç 518

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Assyrian (ca. 1950-1850 BC)) — Fs T. Özgüç 518. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily LifeEconomy

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Middle Babylonian16001155 BCE· 4,184 tablets
~1300 BCE·Middle BabylonianOur engine

HSS 14, 028

To Meštu speak: thus (says) Arrumti: All the honey that you made today, and the 1 dallu-jar of oil that is placed in the outer room — give (them), and let them bring (them) to me.

Daily LifeEconomy
~1300 BCE·Middle BabylonianEditorial

CBS 11778

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Middle Babylonian (ca. 1400-1100 BC)) — CBS 11778. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~1300 BCE·Middle BabylonianEditorial

CDLI Seals 001335 (physical)

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Middle Babylonian (ca. 1400-1100 BC)) — CDLI Seals 001335 (physical). No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~1300 BCE·Middle BabylonianEditorial

CDLI Seals 001350 (physical)

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Middle Babylonian (ca. 1400-1100 BC)) — CDLI Seals 001350 (physical). No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~1300 BCE·Middle BabylonianEditorial

CDLI Seals 001364 (physical)

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Middle Babylonian (ca. 1400-1100 BC)) — CDLI Seals 001364 (physical). No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~1300 BCE·Middle BabylonianEditorial

CDLI Seals 012647 (physical)

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Middle Babylonian (ca. 1400-1100 BC)) — CDLI Seals 012647 (physical). No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~1300 BCE·Middle BabylonianEditorial

HSS 13, 002

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Middle Babylonian (ca. 1400-1100 BC)) — HSS 13, 002. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~1300 BCE·Middle BabylonianEditorial

HSS 13, 004

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Middle Babylonian (ca. 1400-1100 BC)) — HSS 13, 004. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~1300 BCE·Middle BabylonianEditorial

HSS 13, 026

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Middle Babylonian (ca. 1400-1100 BC)) — HSS 13, 026. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~1300 BCE·Middle BabylonianEditorial

HSS 13, 028

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Middle Babylonian (ca. 1400-1100 BC)) — HSS 13, 028. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~1300 BCE·Middle BabylonianEditorial

HSS 13, 034

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Middle Babylonian (ca. 1400-1100 BC)) — HSS 13, 034. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~1300 BCE·Middle BabylonianEditorial

HSS 13, 037

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Middle Babylonian (ca. 1400-1100 BC)) — HSS 13, 037. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy

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Middle Assyrian14001077 BCE· 300 tablets
~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianEditorial

OIP 079, 02

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Middle Assyrian (ca. 1400-1000 BC)) — OIP 079, 02. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily LifeEconomy
~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianEditorial

Assur 2/4, 02, pl. 1 MAH 15854

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Middle Assyrian (ca. 1400-1000 BC)) — Assur 2/4, 02, pl. 1 MAH 15854. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianEditorial

Assur 2/4, 03-07, pl. 2 MAH 16086

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Middle Assyrian (ca. 1400-1000 BC)) — Assur 2/4, 03-07, pl. 2 MAH 16086. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianEditorial

Assur 2/4, 08, pl. 1 MAH 16130 + MAH 16542

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Middle Assyrian (ca. 1400-1000 BC)) — Assur 2/4, 08, pl. 1 MAH 16130 + MAH 16542. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianEditorial

Berlin 066

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Middle Assyrian (ca. 1400-1000 BC)) — Berlin 066. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianEditorial

CDLB 2014/002

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Middle Assyrian (ca. 1400-1000 BC)) — CDLB 2014/002. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily LifeEconomy
~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianEditorial

CUSAS 34, 046

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Middle Assyrian (ca. 1400-1000 BC)) — CUSAS 34, 046. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianEditorial

CUSAS 34, 064

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Middle Assyrian (ca. 1400-1000 BC)) — CUSAS 34, 064. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily LifeEconomy
~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianEditorial

Fs Van Lerberghe 273-275, 278

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Middle Assyrian (ca. 1400-1000 BC)) — Fs Van Lerberghe 273-275, 278. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Daily LifeEconomy
~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianEditorial

Iraq 35, pl. 13 (no. 1)

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Middle Assyrian (ca. 1400-1000 BC)) — Iraq 35, pl. 13 (no. 1). No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianEditorial

Iraq 62, 048 JRL 1055

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Middle Assyrian (ca. 1400-1000 BC)) — Iraq 62, 048 JRL 1055. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianEditorial

Iraq 62, 049 JRL 1064

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Middle Assyrian (ca. 1400-1000 BC)) — Iraq 62, 049 JRL 1064. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy

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Neo-Assyrian911609 BCE· 3,673 tablets
~715 BCE·Neo-AssyrianOur engine

SAA 15 042. Feeding Hittite Deportees (ABL 1082)

(Obverse) [To the king, my lo]rd: your servant [PN]. [Good] health to the king, [my] lord! [Concerning] the Hittites about whom the king, my lord, [wrote to me], saying: "You wrote [that] the previous [consignments] of stored barley [...] they have moved twice(?)" — [...] which were at their disposal [...] I asked him: "Why [...] did they eat the previous (rations)? [...]" What their statement to the king, [my] lord, was [...] I have (now) written [...] [...] the seah-measure [...] [...] ... [...] (Remainder broken)

Daily LifeEconomy
~715 BCE·Neo-AssyrianOur engine

SAA 15 072. Adda-rami and Horses (CT 53 606)

[To the king], my [lord]: [your servant, Bel]-eriba(?). [Good health to] the king, my [lord]! […] Adda-rami […] brother(s)/allies […]… [… the king], my lord […] […]… […] they shut, they went out/took… […] which I took. […] they brought (it) by the road/on campaign. [… tr]uly, now […] horses […] 3 horses […] concerning 3 horses […] they became frightened / bolted. […]… […] (broken off)

Daily LifeEconomy
~715 BCE·Neo-AssyrianOur engine

SAA 15 105. Horses and Recruitment Officers of Calah (ABL 0127)

To the king, my lord: your servant Mannu-ki-Ninua ('Who-is-like-Nineveh'). Good health to the king, my lord! Let the royal bodyguard officer place (the recruits) at the disposal of the scribe (and) at the disposal of the recruitment officers; let them take their men and hand them over. The king, my lord, knows that the horses under my charge are dying. Let the king send me quickly one [of] their mules, for my use. As for the trainee grooms who came with me, I have placed them at the disposal of the recruitment officers. If the king, my lord, wishes to take charge of (conscript) them — the r…

Daily LifeEconomy
~710 BCE·Neo-AssyrianOur engine

SAA 17 083. Pardoning the Offences of Borsippa (ABL 1076)

With [......] the king, my lord [......], one [......], as many as there are, let me investigate [their] gui[lt]. Those whose guilt is mi[nor, let him grant them] mercy, and let him be counted among [his loyal servants], and let him be entrusted to the king's guard. The men of Borsippa [......] enjoy kidinnu-privilege (protected status). Because of [his] guilt they forgave him; as long as he lives [he shall bless them], and he shall not commit another offence. The king, your father, said to Rimūtu as follows: 'The šatammu (temple-overseer) [......], his ... is dead [......] [......] [......].'

Daily LifeEconomy
~710 BCE·Neo-AssyrianOur engine

SAA 17 090. Watch of Ekur and Nippur (CT 54 011)

[Tablet of the treasurer (GÚ.EN.NA)] [to] the king, his lord. [Go]od health to the king, my lord! May the great gods of Ekur and Nippur cause your hand to achieve whatever you have planned! Concerning the matter about which the king wrote, saying: '[To] Akanna, son of NN, [...] appoint (him) at [my] service' — (and) saying: 'Let the guard be made strong, and let the guard of Ekur and Nippur be st[rong]' — Ninurta-nasir [...]-sa'a, the elder brother, [...] he [...] the matter(s) [...] the king [...] (rest broken).

Daily LifeEconomy
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianOur engine

SAA 16 081. Jewellery for the King (ABL 0847)

To the king, my lord: your servant Nabû-sagib, son of Paruṭu, the goldsmith of the Queen's Household. Good health to the king [my lord]! May Nabû and Marduk bless the king, my lord! [...] year(s), with/at the house [...] they questioned me [...] of the month [...] [...] silver, one pappardilû-stone, three fingers wide, (and) a bead(?) of ḫulālu-stone ("eye-stone") I gave to Matan-ilu, the doorkeeper. A letter (came) together (with this), saying: 'To the king, my lord, (let there be) a judgment: whether he gave it or whether he did not give it, let the king, my lord, inquire.'

Daily LifeEconomy
~670 BCE·Neo-AssyrianOur engine

SAA 10 044. Timing a Journey of the King (ABL 1141+) [from astrologers]

[To the king, our lord:] [your servants Balasî] [and Nabû-ahhe-eriba.] [Good health] to the king, [our lord]! [May Nabû and] Marduk bless the king, our lord! Concerning the going to the city of [...] about which the king, our lord, wrote to us: if it is good for the king, in Bit-anni(?), in the month Tašritu (VII), to go [there] — or else let the king say: 'No, [... ...]' — as he has said: this month is a long-lasting road (journey) — let it be given up! Let the king go in the month of 'Entering' (Arahsamna, VIII): let him kiss the ground, let them perform the sacrifices.

Daily LifeEconomy
~670 BCE·Neo-AssyrianOur engine

SAA 10 206. Prayers and Rituals against Retrograding Mars (ABL 1401) [from exorcists]

[Nabû and] Marduk [to the king], my lord, may [they] bless! [Concerning the planet] Mars, [about which the king, my lord] wrote to me: [the king, my lord] does not know [that ......] ... it is. [......]-mera it moves [within the constellation] Virgo. [An attack] of locusts [......] ... ... it bears [radi]ance; [......] evil for Subartu. [......] these we shall remove. [Namburbi rituals and] šu'illa-prayers [before Ma]rs [......] ... continually [we shall perform]. Fault [there is none]. May the heart [of the king], my lord, [be glad ......] ... nu

Daily LifeEconomy
~670 BCE·Neo-AssyrianOur engine

SAA 10 259. Who to Come out Next? (ABL 0364) [from exorcists]

To the king, our lord: your servants Adad-šumu-uṣur (and) Marduk-šakin-šumi. Good health to the king, our lord! May Nabû and Marduk bless the king, our lord! (8) Concerning the men of the king, our lord, about whom he wrote to us: "Will you not indicate which ones are to come out?" — (13) the others, who have not performed (the rites), should come out tomorrow and perform (them). (17) The king, our lord, knows which ones have performed and which ones have not performed. We — how should we know? (24) Under the protection of the king, may Bel and Nabû point (them) out; let them come out and…

Daily LifeEconomy
~665 BCE·Neo-AssyrianOur engine

SAA 13 073. Complaint of Sickness (ABL 0203)

To the king, my lord: your servant Nergal-šarrani. Good health to the king, my lord! May Nabû and Marduk bless the king, my lord, exceedingly! This month, on this very day, since I have been ill, it is a rash (siḫlu). Since it has been itching me all over, [my whole body] has been scratched/itched. (I said): 'I am afflicted by the hand of Dilbat (Venus/Ištar)!' (I said): 'I am afraid concerning the ... of the fire(-omens),' which without the king I cannot do. Now, therefore, I have written to the king, my lord. By the command of the king let it be chosen (and) let it be done, so that he may…

Daily LifeEconomy
~730 BCE·Neo-AssyrianSAA 19

SAA 19 001. Soothing Babylon (CTN 5 p. 13)

(1) The king's word to the clergymen, the congrega[ti]on, the leaders of [Babylon] (and) to the citizens of Babylon: I am well, Assyria is well – you can be glad. (9) Don't be afraid because of the news you heard; watch the city, seize the streets (and) take care of yourself! (14) Now I am approaching you again (since) the bodyguard Na'di-ilu told me: "They are trembling in fea[r]." Bel and Na[bû] know and the great god himself knows that, verily, when I previously heard that your brothers were killed, for three days nobody entered into my presence, my heart broke. (r 8) Now you are afraid…

Daily LifeEconomy
~730 BCE·Neo-AssyrianSAA 19

SAA 19 002. “You Are my Deputy” (CTN 5 p. 240)

(1) [The king's word to the] commander-in-[chief]: (2) My forts, my [...] (and) my horses [are well]. (4) [Day and] night during my reign, you shall be my magnate (and) my deputy. You shall stand in my place; guarding you is for guarding me. (7) [Don't be neg]ligent but keep watch for me. (8) [...] ... The day [you se]e [this letter ......] (Rest destroyed or too broken for translation)

Daily LifeEconomy

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Neo-Babylonian626539 BCE· 1,522 tablets
~580 BCE·Neo-BabylonianEditorial

AuOr 37, 043-044 01

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Neo-Babylonian (ca. 626-539 BC)) — AuOr 37, 043-044 01. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~580 BCE·Neo-BabylonianEditorial

AuOr 37, 044-045 02

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Neo-Babylonian (ca. 626-539 BC)) — AuOr 37, 044-045 02. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~580 BCE·Neo-BabylonianEditorial

AuOr 37, 045-046 03

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Neo-Babylonian (ca. 626-539 BC)) — AuOr 37, 045-046 03. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~580 BCE·Neo-BabylonianEditorial

AuOr 37, 047 04

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Neo-Babylonian (ca. 626-539 BC)) — AuOr 37, 047 04. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~580 BCE·Neo-BabylonianEditorial

AuOr 37, 047-049 05

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Neo-Babylonian (ca. 626-539 BC)) — AuOr 37, 047-049 05. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~580 BCE·Neo-BabylonianEditorial

CDLJ 2007/1 §3.54

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Neo-Babylonian (ca. 626-539 BC)) — CDLJ 2007/1 §3.54. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~580 BCE·Neo-BabylonianEditorial

NABU 2015/105

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Neo-Babylonian (ca. 626-539 BC) ?) — NABU 2015/105. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~580 BCE·Neo-BabylonianEditorial

WAM 48.2030

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Neo-Babylonian (ca. 626-539 BC)) — WAM 48.2030. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~580 BCE·Neo-BabylonianEditorial

AA 074

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Neo-Babylonian (ca. 626-539 BC)) — AA 074. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~580 BCE·Neo-BabylonianEditorial

AJSL 27, 194

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Neo-Babylonian (ca. 626-539 BC)) — AJSL 27, 194. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~580 BCE·Neo-BabylonianEditorial

AJSL 27, 194

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Neo-Babylonian (ca. 626-539 BC)) — AJSL 27, 194. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy
~580 BCE·Neo-BabylonianEditorial

AJSL 27, 195

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Neo-Babylonian (ca. 626-539 BC)) — AJSL 27, 195. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy

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Achaemenid Persian539330 BCE· 840 tablets
~430 BCE·Achaemenid PersianOur engine

CUSAS 15, 067

3 shekels, less its fourth (part), of silver, belonging to Tatte-Eduru, son of Talīmu, (is a claim) against Aradiya, son of Mudû. In the month Simānu (III) the silver — the silver, 3 shekels less its fourth (part) — in the city Qatibe he shall pay. Witnesses: Tabnēa, son of Enlil-bāni; Mašê, son of Šamaš-zēr-ibni; Šamaš-šu(?), son of Balāṭu; and the priest (šangû) Rīmūt-Maš, son of Ḫanšâ-Eduru. City Qatibe. Month Addaru (XII), day 29, year 7 of Cambyses, king of Babylon, [king] of the lands.

LawEconomy
~430 BCE·Achaemenid PersianOur engine

CUSAS 15, 184

6 gur, 1 PI of barley, belonging to Tattannu, son of Talīmu, is a debt against Balāṭu, son of Ina-gissu-lugal. In the month of Addaru (itiŠE), he shall pay, in addition, 5 gur, 1 PI. Witnesses: Tattannu, son of Enlil-šum-iddin; Niqūdu, son of Mu-gub; Iškur-mu-ki-il, son of Iškur-ad-gub; Kussari. Scribe: Ba, son of A. Qatibat. Month Nisannu (Bāru), day 5, year 7, (of) Cambyses, king of Babylon, king of the lands.

EconomyLaw
~430 BCE·Achaemenid PersianOur engine

OIP 092, 0032

(obverse) 104 (BAR measures of) flour, supplied by (kurmin) Bagizzana, was deposited (kutka) at Persepolis (Baršan); it was done (as) ditto (hu-ut-KI.MIN-na, i.e. handled the same way as in the preceding record). (reverse/final line) Year 24 (of the king).

Economy
~430 BCE·Achaemenid PersianOur engine

OIP 092, 0036

292 (units of) tarmu-grain (emmer), allocation (kurmin) of Ḫumuštimana. Ummanunu received (it and) delivered it. Year 20.

Economy
~430 BCE·Achaemenid PersianOur engine

OIP 092, 0037

112 (BAR measures of) tarmu-grain, supplied by Umuštimana: Išantu received (it) (du-ša); Kuizza (of/at?) Kurdušum — Hupannana received (it). Year 23 (lit. 'of the 23rd year').

Economy
~430 BCE·Achaemenid PersianOur engine

OIP 092, 0038

140 (measures of) tarmu-grain, supplied by (kurmin) Babenana: Ummanunu received it (and) deposited/stored it (at) Kurdušum. (In the) 27th year.

Economy
~430 BCE·Achaemenid PersianOur engine

OIP 092, 0039

(obverse) 1,000 (measures of) tarmu-grain, carried from Zakzaku, (under) Šur-sunkiri(?): Pirriašba received (it). (Year formula) 19th year.

Economy
~430 BCE·Achaemenid PersianOur engine

OIP 092, 0040

310 (measures of) hazati-grain, 390 (measures of) kurruša-grain — total: 700 (measures of) tarmu-grain, supplied by Appumanya, from (the place) Zakzaku; (as/at the) royal š... it was deposited. Pirriyašba received (it). He made (it into) beer. 22nd year.

Economy
~430 BCE·Achaemenid PersianOur engine

OIP 092, 0041

43 marriš (measures) of wine, from Maturban, were carried to Parsa (Persepolis). Ziššukka the kuizza(-official) (handled/received it). 23rd year.

Economy
~430 BCE·Achaemenid PersianOur engine

OIP 092, 0042

29 marriš of wine. Appirmarša (supplied it?); Ummišša — from Rašanuizza — Bašširkada received(?) (it); he did the same (ditto); (provision) of the king.

Economy
~430 BCE·Achaemenid PersianOur engine

OIP 092, 0043

9 hundred (and) 25 marriš of wine, supplied by (kurmin) Apzizi, Manizza received (dušda) on account (ukku). Mitranka (was) the šarara (the one who apportioned/handled it). At Bairakada it was deposited (kutka).

Economy
~430 BCE·Achaemenid PersianOur engine

OIP 092, 0044

500 (measures of) wine, the allocation of Marriyaddana. Zirazabbe carried (it) to Batrakataš (Pasargadae). 19th year.

Economy

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