RIME 4.01.05.03, ex. add099

~1950 BCE·Old Babylonian·P451117

Translation — curated editorial

Editorial

Experimental

Editorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P451117.

Transliteration

[nibru]
[ki-nu-um]-ma
[sza uri5]-im
[la mu-pa-ar]-ki#-um
[a-na eridu]
[_en_]-um
i#-na# i3#-si#-in#[]
a-al szar-ru-ti#-ia
i-na ba-ab _e2-gal_-im
li-pi2-it#-esz18-dar
ma#-ru en-lil2#
a-na-ku
i-nu-mi#
ki#-i#-ta#-[am]

Scholarly note

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — RIME 4.01.05.03, ex. add099. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Attribution

Image: Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, UK (P451117) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P451117..

Related tablets

Related sources

~3200 BCE

Proto-Cuneiform Account Tablet

One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.

~3500 BCE

Kish Tablet

Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.

~2450 BCE

Stele of the Vultures

The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.