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Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemenid Persian

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Page 2 / 35

~2072 BCE·Ur III · Neo-Sumerian

Our engine

NRVN 1, 136

2 barig 3 ban2 barley — interest — at (a rate of) 1 gur 1 barig 4 ban2 each. From Ur-Šulpa'e, Ur-Suen received. Month: Udru, day 5 having passed. Year: Simurrum was destroyed. Ur-Suen, son of Sag-[...].

Economy·Law

~2072 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

NRVN 1, 141

2 gur of barley, as a loan. Interest: at the rate of 1 gur 1 barig 4 ban2 each. From Ur-Šulpa'e, Mašda received. Month: Apindua ('opening of the plow'), day 19 having passed, year: 'Simurrum was destroyed' (Šulgi year 25). Mašda, son of Ur-[...].

Economy·Law

~2072 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

NRVN 1, 142

1(aš) gur barley, interest: 1(aš) gur 1(barig) 4(ban2) per (gur) — from Ur-Šulpa'e, Lu-Esikil received. Month: Ab-e. Year: Simurrum was destroyed. Lu-Eshikil, son of Sipa-dari(?).

Economy·Law

~2072 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

NRVN 1, 143

2 barig 3 ban2 barley, interest, at the rate of 1 gur, 1 barig, 4 ban2 each; from Ur-Šulpa'e, Ilalla received (it). Month: Ab-e, 7th day passed. Year: Simurrum was destroyed. Ilala, son of Aba.

Economy·Law

~2059 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

AAICAB 1/3, pl. 222, Bod S 180

5 gur 3 ban2 6 sila3 barley, royal (gur)-measure — barley for flour, as an interest-bearing loan; the interest has been added (satisfied). From Adda, Lugal-ištaran received (it). Year following: "Anšan was destroyed." Lugal-ištaran, son of Lugal-lu-[x].

Economy·Law

~2057 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

NRVN 1, 298

822 bricks, as an interest-bearing loan (ur5-ra), from the bank of the kiln (im-gir4-ra), for delivery to the storehouse (ganun) — Lu-ušku'ga received. Month: "Bricks" (iti sig4-ga), day 12 having passed. Year: "the year after 'the Amorite wall was built'", the year after that. Lu-eškuga, son of Lani.

Economy·Law

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

AAICAB 1/3, pl. 223, Bod S 182

1(aš) gur barley, royal (measure) — barley of the loan, (for) flour, by the bronze gur (measure), from Ur-lisi, in the name of Lugal-gigire, son of Ur-Ištaran — sealed by Ur-en(na), the carpenter; it is at hand (booked). Month: "Dumuzi", year: "the son of the king ..." [broken] Ur-li, the carpenter, son of Lugal-[...].

Law·Economy

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

CM 26, 146

14 gur, 2 ban2, 2 sila3 of barley, royal measure — deficit of barley loaded onto the boat — from Bazi; sealed by Ningirsu-isa; it is to be repaid. Month: 'Mušudu.' Year: Kimaš was destroyed. (Seal legend:) Ningirsu-isa, son of Adda(?), boatman.

Economy·Law

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

CUSAS 03, 1010

1 sheep — [regular offering] of Inanna of Zabala. 1 sheep — regular offering of Šara of Umma. From Ili-bilani, booked out (disbursed). Month: "Great Festival" (ezem-maḫ). Year: "the land of Zabšali was destroyed." [Seal:] Šu-Kabta, physician(?), son of Naram-ili. Iškur-illat, scribe, son of Abiya, is your servant.

Economy·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

CUSAS 03, 1510

6 sar of brick clay (im sig4), from Nisaba-andul(-ta), Pušk-in [received/borrowed it]. Per day, 6 [units] each, malt [......] malt [......] year: [......] before [......], before ...-[......], before Šu-[......], before Iškur-bani. They are its witnesses.

Law

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Kress 198

2 gug-bread(loaves), 2 sila each; 12 bread(loaves), 1/2 sila each; its bread: 1 ban2; 3 sila of nig-idea (oil-poured food); 2 oil-bread(loaves) — for the eshesh-festival of the House-of-the-15th-Day; [from the king]; via Ur-Šulgi, the cupbearer; booked out (as expenditure). Month: Kirsiak. Year: 'the en-priest(ess) of Eridu was installed.'

Economy·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

LB 0244

9 gur 4 barig barley, royal measure, from Lu-Ninšubur, in the name of Lu-DU, he received (it) as its loan. Month: “Festival of carrying barley” (ezem-še-illa). Year: “the throne … [broken] … AN … was …” (year name, broken).

Economy·Law

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

PPAC 5, 1646

5 (gur), šuku-allotment, field A-uri; foreman: Ur-Geštinanka. 5 (gur): Ur-Ištaran. The barley of the field — its case is to be investigated. [...] šuku-allotment, from Ur-Geštinanka and Ur-Ištaran: barley of the Ki-sumun field, leased (plow-)land of Abba-kalla, the foreman. Regarding the barley rations — its case is to be investigated.

Economy·Law

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

RIME 3/2.01.01.11, ex. add164

For Nanna, the impetuous calf of An, the first-born son of Enlil, his lord — Ur-Namma, the mighty man, king of Ur, built his E-temen-ni-guru.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

RIME 3/2.01.01.24, ex. 35a-b

Ur-Namma, king of Ur, king of Sumer and Akkad, the one who built the temple of Enlil. (second exemplar, identical text:) Ur-Namma, king of Ur, king of Sumer and Akkad, the one who built the temple of Enlil.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

RIME 3/2.01.01.26, ex. add17

For Enlil, king of all the lands, his master, Ur-Namma, king of Ur, king of Sumer and Akkad, built his temple for him, (and) dug for him the En-erin-nun canal, his canal of food offerings.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

RIME 3/2.01.02.012, ex. add10

For Ningirsu, the mighty warrior, his lord — Šulgi, the mighty man, king of Ur, king of Sumer and Akkad, built his (Ningirsu's) temple.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

RIME 3/2.01.03.15, ex. add69

[(Amar-Suena, called by name by Enlil in Nippur, supporter of)] the temple [of Enlil], mighty king, king of Ur, king of the four quarters — for Enki, his beloved king, his beloved Abzu [he built].

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

RIME 3/2.01.04.11, ex. 01

Šu-Suen, beloved of Enlil, the king whom Enlil chose as the beloved of his heart, mighty king, king of Ur, king of the four quarters, his beloved god — Habaluge, governor of Adab, his servant, built for him his beloved temple.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~2048 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

AAICAB 1/3, pl. 224, Bod S 186

2 gur 4 barig 2 ban of barley, (measured by the) royal (gur), the deficit of the barley expenditures at Nippur; (charged to) ARAD — they being land registrars — it is to be repaid. On behalf of the land registrar, the sealed tablet of Kaguna is present. Month: Dal. Year: "Anshan was destroyed." (Seal:) Kaguna, the scribe, son of Ur-[...].

Economy·Law

~2044 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

AfO 04, 23

1 plough-ox, an ox (that was) the property of Abba-gina — it was lost. Duga-zida to Abba-gina (said): "From the month ki-siki-Ninazu, by the time seven days have elapsed, I will bring your ox to you." Thus he said to him, and he swore it by the name of the king. Before Šara-aš-a-mu-tum; before Ḫaḫaša, the merchant; before Lu-Šulgi. Year: the en-priestess of Inanna of Uruk was chosen by (goat) omen. (seal / caption) Duga-zida, son of Ur-[...]-ma.

Law

~2043 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Amherst 091

12 gur, 2 barig barley — royal gur (measure) — barley as a loan, for the troops (erin2), from Ur-Enlil, via Ur5-bi-šeba-du11, in the name of Namah, son of Ur-gigir. Seal of Šeš-kalla, his (Namah's) son. Month: Amar-a-a-si. Year: Huhnuri was destroyed. Šeš-kalla, the scribe, son of Namah.

Economy·Law

~2042 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

CUNES 52-04-081

To Ur-šukal speak: 1 shekel of silver, silver bearing interest — to Ibni-GIN₂ let him give it. Sealed tablet of Inim-Šara. Month: "Dal." Year after: "En-unugal (was installed) as en-priest of Inanna." (Seal inscription:) [Ur]-E[mah], the lumah-priest [of ...]: Inim-Šara, son of Šara-zame, is [your] servant.

Economy·Law

~2041 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

MVN 05, 051

60 grain-fed sheep, 1 sila of barley each — regular offerings of Šara; 20 grain-fed sheep, 1 sila each — regular offerings of Šulgi; 20 grain-fed sheep, 1 sila each — regular offerings of Amar-Suen; for 1 day. For 30 days, its barley: 10 gur. From Alulu. Sealed tablet of the governor (ensi). Month: Dumuzi. Year: Šašru was destroyed.

Economy·Religion & Myth

~2037 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

CUSAS 03, 0973

1 piglet — month: day 1 having passed; 1 grain-fed full-grown billy goat — month: day 10 having passed; 1 piglet — month: day 15 having passed; 1 grain-fed white long-fleeced (alum) sheep — month: day 20 having passed; 1 grain-fed white sheep — month: day 28 having passed: regular offerings (for) the funerary libation-place (ki-a-nag) of Šu-[Kab]ta. From Iškur-illat booked out (expended). In Garšana. Month: ki-siki of Ninazu (month 7). Year: "Šu-Suen, king of Ur, built the temple of Šara in Umma." Copy.

Economy·Religion & Myth

~2037 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

CUSAS 03, 0976

1 piglet (sucking pig), day 1; 1 barley-fed sheep, day 10; 1 dove (turtledove), day 15; 1 barley-fed sheep, day 20; 1 barley-fed sheep, 1 dove, day 28. Regular offerings for the funerary libation place of Šu-Kabta. From Iškur-illat withdrawn (expended). In Garšana. Month: Festival of An. Year: Šu-Suen, king of Ur, [built] the temple of Šara in Umma. Copy.

Economy·Religion & Myth

~2037 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

CUSAS 03, 1021

1 sheep — regular offering (for) Inanna of [Zabalam]; 1 sheep — regular offering (for) [Šara of Umma]. [Withdrawn] from Ili-bi[lani]. Month: "Harvest" (še-sag-ku). Year: "Šu-Suen, [king] of Ur, [...]." (Seal:) Šu-Kabta, the physician, son of Naram-ili: Iškur-illat, the scribe, son of Abia, (is) your servant.

Economy·Religion & Myth

~2037 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

NRVN 1, 003

8 sar of vacant lot (unbuilt plot), the house of the palace ..., (of/belonging to) Zarrini-...(KU); sealed document of Agu-zaḫalum and Šu-ilī. By the declaration of the city, that no one shall contest this agreement, the name of the king is present (an oath by the king was sworn). 1: Ipālis, 1: Šu-Iškur, 1: Aḫānišu, 1: Bulālia — these are its witnesses. Year: Šu-Suen, king of Ur, destroyed the land of Zabšali.

Law

~2037 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

NRVN 1, 089

6 shekels of silver, its interest: 1 shekel per 5 shekels (per year), from Ur-Šulpa'e Puzur-Enlil received. Before Enlil-massu, 1 (i.e.) Ur-mes, 1 (i.e.) Lu-saga — they are its witnesses. Month: Ab-e (10th month of the Nippur calendar). Year: Šu-Suen the king erected the great stele (Šu-Suen year 6).

Law·Economy

~2037 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

NRVN 1, 096

½ mina 2 shekels of silver, its interest: 1 shekel per 5 shekels (i.e., 20%). From Geme-lisina, Ama-saga and Maš-gula, (her) son, received (it). It is to be repaid by whichever (of the two) is present/alive. Before Azida; before Adda-kalla; before Ur-[...]. Month: Gan-gane (month IX), [day x+]7 having passed. Year: "Šu-Suen, the king, erected the Great Stele" (= Šu-Suen year 6).

Law·Economy

~2037 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Orient 55, 164 no. 11

1 sheep, (for the) siskur-offering at the threshing floor of the field GAN-mah; from Ur-halmuša; sealed tablet of Lu-[Ḫa]ya. Year: "Šu-Suen, the king, caulked the magnificent barge for Enlil and Ninlil." (Seal:) Lu-Ḫaya, the scribe, son of Ur-e'e, the chief livestock administrator.

Economy·Religion & Myth

~2035 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

AAICAB 1/3, pl. 182, Bod A 18

2 gur of barley, with interest of 1 barig 4 ban of grain per gur, from Šar-iš, Lu-balasaga, son of the gatekeeper of Dumuzi, has received. That in the month of Šu-numun he will measure it out, he swore by the name of the king. 1: Man-šum; 1: Lugal-ezem; 1: Ud-saga; 1: Ur-Šulpa'e — these are its witnesses. Month: NE-NE-gar (Abu). Year: "The temple of Šara was built." (Seal / caption) Lu-balasaga, son of Ur-dun.

Economy·Law

~2032 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

NRVN 1, 279

2 gur of barley, regular offerings (sá-du₁₁) of (the god) Palil, month: šeš-sag-ku₅ ("harvest"), from the storehouse at the mouth of the Tummal canal — Ur-Šulpa'e, the maltster, has received (it). Year: Šu-Sîn the king destroyed the land of Zabšali (Šu-Sîn 7). (seal inscription) Ur-Šulpa'e, maltster, son of A-tu.

Economy·Religion & Myth

~2032 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Orient 55, 170 no. 18

1 shekel of silver, as an interest-bearing loan, from Lugal-kuzu the merchant, Ubar, doorkeeper of Ninlil, has received. Month: "Bricks" (month III), the 8th day having passed. Year: Šu-Suen the king destroyed the land of Zabšali. (seal inscription) Ubar, doorkeeper of Ninlil.

Law·Economy

~2028 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

NRVN 1, 012

10 shekels of silver, […] edin daḫ ri u (uncertain — the second line resists a secure reading), from Ur-Bilgi E-nesage received. Month: kin-Inanna (sixth month), Year: "Ibbi-Sîn is king" (accession year). En-esage, son of En-šakuge.

Economy·Law

~2028 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

NRVN 1, 068

1 gur of barley, the wages [of hired men], at 5 sila each, month: ...... , delivered; to clear (an area of) 20 sar. Adda-kalla and Ubar swore by the name of the king to Ur-sukkal. 1: Ur-tumal, 1: Lu-Enlila, 1: Adda — are its witnesses. Month: Še-sag-ku (harvest month). Year: Ibbi-Sin [became] king. (seal / final entry) Adda-kalla, son of Ur-ni-[...].

Law·Economy

~2028 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

NRVN 1, 133

1 gur of barley, as an interest-bearing loan; interest: per 1 gur, 1 barig 4 ban of barley. From Ur-Šulpa'e In-ta has received (it). Month: apin-du-a (Month VIII). The 10th day having passed. Year: Ibbi-Suen is king. (seal / addendum) In-ta, son of Ur-Ninurta.

Economy·Law

~2028 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

NRVN 1, 138

4 gur of barley, as a loan; interest: 1 barig 4 ban2 per 1 gur; from Ur-Šulpa'e Šu-Enlil has received. Month: Šu-numun ("Seed-sowing"), day 20 having passed. Year: Ibbi-Suen the king destroyed Simurrum.

Law·Economy

~2028 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

NRVN 1, 139

6 gur of barley, interest at 1 barig 4 ban₂ per 1 gur, from Ur-Šulpa'e Lu-Suen has received. Month: Šu-numun. Year: Ibbi-Sin the king destroyed Simurrum.

Economy·Law

~2028 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

NRVN 1, 148

4 gur of barley, as an interest-bearing loan. The interest is 1 barig [4 ban2] per 1 gur. From Ur-Šulpa'e, Ea-šar has received (it). Month: Udru, day 6 having passed. Year: Ibbi-Suen the king destroyed Simurrum.

Law·Economy

~2028 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

NRVN 1, 150

1 gur 1 barig of barley, as an interest-bearing loan; its interest: per 1 gur, 1 barig 4 ban of barley; from Ur-Šulpa'e Aḫuni has received. Month: Udru. The 8th day having passed. Year: Ibbi-Suen, the king, destroyed Simurrum. (seal / owner's line) Aḫuni, son of Ur-ku.

Economy·Law

~2028 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

NRVN 1, 151

3 gur of barley, as an interest-bearing loan; interest: per 1 gur, 1 barig 4 ban; from Ur-Šulpa'e, Nur-Suen has received (it). Month: Udru, day 8 having passed. Year: Ibbi-Suen the king destroyed Simurrum. (Witnesses/remainder:) [PN] ...... son of Zaza-[...].

Economy·Law

~1974 BCE·Old BabylonianOur engine

JANES 18, 49 25

7 sheep, cooked (boiled), regular offerings (sá-du₁₁) of Enlil and Ninlil. Delivery, for the meat-house (é-uzu), from the É-gissu; sealed tablet of the šatammu-officials. Month: Gan-gan-è (month IX), day 26, year: Iddin-Dagan the king elevated (installed) the lumaḫ-priest of Nin-Isina.

Economy·Religion & Myth

~1974 BCE·Old BabylonianOur engine

JANES 18, 50 29

6 rams — the 26th day; 3 rams — the 28th day: regular offerings (sattukku) of Enlil and Ninlil, in Nippur; from the E-gissu ("House of the Shade") delivery to the <house> of meat (slaughterhouse). Sealed by the šatammu-officials. Month: Ab-e (10th month, Nippur calendar). Year: Iddin-Dagan, the king, fashioned a great emblem for Ninisina.

Economy·Religion & Myth

~1950 BCE·Old BabylonianOur engine

RIME 4.01.04.05, ex. add18

Išme-Dagan, mighty man, king of Isin, king of the four quarters, when he cancelled the tribute-obligation of Nippur, the beloved city of Enlil, and exempted its troops from military service, he built the great wall of Isin. The name of that wall is: "Išme-Dagan is one of great strength through Enlil."

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1950 BCE·Old BabylonianOur engine

RIME 4.04.01.04, ex. add144

Sîn-kāšid, mighty man, king of Uruk, king of the Amnanum, provider of the Eanna — when the Eanna he built, his palace of kingship he built.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianOur engine

Erišum I 03

Documents Erišum I's temple construction at Aššur and its ritual furnishings — bronze duck weights and beer vats — giving the earliest detailed record of cultic equipment in an Assyrian royal building inscription.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianOur engine

Erišum I 06

Attests Erišum I's construction of Aššur's temple in the god's own city, anchoring the earliest stratum of Assyrian royal piety and the vice-regent (iššiak Aššur) titulature that defined Old Assyrian kingship.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianOur engine

Erišum I 10

Erišum I consecrates the Aššur temple 'Wild Bull' by mixing ghee and honey into the mortar — one of the earliest Assyrian royal building inscriptions, and evidence that the ritual deposit of clay cones as dynastic markers was already standard practice c. 1900 BCE.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1900 BCE·Old BabylonianOur engine

Šamši-Adad I 02

Claims the Emašmaš temple in Nineveh as a restoration of a structure built by Maništušu of Agade, asserting Assyrian dynastic continuity across seven generations of post-Akkadian history.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

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