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Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemenid Persian

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~2100 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianEditorial

Code of Ur-Nammu

Among the oldest surviving written law collections. It provides an early witness to royal justice and specified compensation, rather than a starting date for law itself.

~2100 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Laws of Lipit-Eštar (RIME 4.01.05.add10 (Laws of Lipit-Ishtar) composite)

Predates Hammurabi by roughly 150 years, recording Lipit-Eštar's mandate from An and Enlil to 'establish justice' — an early articulation of the Mesopotamian ideology that divine authority underwrites royal law-giving.

Law·Religion & Myth

~2100 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Lagaš II Unidentified 1034add

(1') To ..., ... dedicated this (bowl) ....

~2100 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

The building of Ningirsu's temple (Gudea, cylinders A and B)

(Cylinder A i 1) On the day when in heaven and earth the fates were to be decided, Lagaš emerged prominently with great divine powers, and Enlil looked at lord Ninĝirsu with approval. In our city an eternal thing appeared. The heart overflowed with joy, Enlil's heart, a river in flood, oveflowed with joy, and just as the Tigris brings sweet water, so Enlil, whose will is an enormous flood, sparkling, and awe-inspiring, came to a sweet decision: (Cylinder A i 9) "Its owner requested the temple and I will make the E-ninnu's divine powers known everywhere. Being a man of great wisdom, the ruler…

~2100 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Ur-ešlila 1

(1) To Ninšubur, Ur-akkila, the barber, dedicated this (stone tablet) for his own well-being. (5) His spouse is Gan-Utu. (7) His children are Gan-šubur, Me-kikugta, Ursaĝ-Utu, Inim-Utu-zid, ..., ..., ..., Nin-izuzu.

~2100 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

URU-KA-gina 02

(i 1) For Ninĝirsu, Enlil's warrior, Iri-kagina, king of Ĝirsu, built the Antasura, his temple, the abundance of the Land, and his great temple of Tiraš. He built the temple of Bau. .... (ii 1) For Igalim he built the E-mehušgal-anki. For Šul-šagana he built his Kitušakkile. For Lama-saga, his guide, he built her temple; and within it he built temples for Zazaru, Ni-pae, and Urnunta-ea. For Ninnisig, Ninĝirsu's butcher, he built his temple. (iii 1') For Enlil, he built the Adda in Imsaĝ. For Nanše he dredged her beloved canal, the Id-Niĝin-du. He built the Eninnu at its beginning, and built th…

~2100 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

URU-KA-gina 14c

(1) The datepalm tree standing on the right side, whose name is "Then king is never tired of caring for Eridug", was planted by Iri-kagina, king of Lagaš. (Year) 3."

~2099 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianEditorial

NATN 537

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — NATN 537. This record has no stored scholarly English translation; the existence of published translations has not been checked; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Ur-Nammu y14 — The throne of…

~2099 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianEditorial

TMH NF 1-2, 020

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — TMH NF 1-2, 020. This record has no stored scholarly English translation; the existence of published translations has not been checked; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Ur-Nammu y14 — The th…

~2072 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

NRVN 1, 082

10 shekels of silver, as a loan; interest: 5 shekels, at (the rate of) 1 shekel each; from Lu-Nanna, Lugal-magure received. Month: 'kin-inanna' (month VI); year: 'Ibbi-Sin (is) king' — year: Simurrum was destroyed.

~2072 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

NRVN 1, 115

1 1/2 shekels of silver, from Lugal-ezem, Šeš-kalla received. Month: Sig-ga ("brick-making"), he is to pay (it) back — he swore by the name of the king (that he would do so). If he does not pay, he declared that he would pay 3 shekels of silver as a penalty. Month: <Še>-sag-ku, day 21 having passed; year: Simurrum was destroyed.

~2072 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

NRVN 1, 136

2 barig 3 ban2 barley — interest — at (a rate of) 1 gur 1 barig 4 ban2 each. From Ur-Šulpa'e, Ur-Suen received. Month: Udru, day 5 having passed. Year: Simurrum was destroyed. Ur-Suen, son of Sag-[...].

~2072 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

NRVN 1, 141

2 gur of barley, as a loan. Interest: at the rate of 1 gur 1 barig 4 ban2 each. From Ur-Šulpa'e, Mašda received. Month: Apindua ('opening of the plow'), day 19 having passed, year: 'Simurrum was destroyed' (Šulgi year 25). Mašda, son of Ur-[...].

~2072 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

NRVN 1, 142

1(aš) gur barley, interest: 1(aš) gur 1(barig) 4(ban2) per (gur) — from Ur-Šulpa'e, Lu-Esikil received. Month: Ab-e. Year: Simurrum was destroyed. Lu-Eshikil, son of Sipa-dari(?).

~2072 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

NRVN 1, 143

2 barig 3 ban2 barley, interest, at the rate of 1 gur, 1 barig, 4 ban2 each; from Ur-Šulpa'e, Ilalla received (it). Month: Ab-e, 7th day passed. Year: Simurrum was destroyed. Ilala, son of Aba.

~2072 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianEditorial

AUCT 3, 319

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — AUCT 3, 319. This record has no stored scholarly English translation; the existence of published translations has not been checked; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Šulgi y23 — Simurrum dest…

~2072 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianEditorial

BE 03/1, 017

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — BE 03/1, 017. This record has no stored scholarly English translation; the existence of published translations has not been checked; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Šulgi y23 — Simurrum des…

~2072 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianEditorial

CUSAS 03, 1039

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — CUSAS 03, 1039. This record has no stored scholarly English translation; the existence of published translations has not been checked; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Šulgi y23 — Simurrum d…

Daily Life·Economy

~2072 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianEditorial

CUSAS 03, 1040

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — CUSAS 03, 1040. This record has no stored scholarly English translation; the existence of published translations has not been checked; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Šulgi y23 — Simurrum d…

Daily Life·Economy

~2072 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianEditorial

MVN 11, 151

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — MVN 11, 151. This record has no stored scholarly English translation; the existence of published translations has not been checked; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Šulgi y23 — Simurrum dest…

~2072 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianEditorial

NATN 558

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — NATN 558. This record has no stored scholarly English translation; the existence of published translations has not been checked; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Šulgi y23 — Simurrum destroy…

~2072 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianEditorial

TMH NF 1-2, 001

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — TMH NF 1-2, 001. This record has no stored scholarly English translation; the existence of published translations has not been checked; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Šulgi y23 — Simurrum…

~2072 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianEditorial

TMH NF 1-2, 064

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — TMH NF 1-2, 064. This record has no stored scholarly English translation; the existence of published translations has not been checked; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Šulgi y23 — Simurrum…

~2072 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianEditorial

TMH NF 1-2, 065

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — TMH NF 1-2, 065. This record has no stored scholarly English translation; the existence of published translations has not been checked; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Šulgi y23 — Simurrum…

~2072 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianEditorial

TMH NF 1-2, 167

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — TMH NF 1-2, 167. This record has no stored scholarly English translation; the existence of published translations has not been checked; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Šulgi y23 — Simurrum…

~2072 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianEditorial

TMH NF 1-2, 310

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — TMH NF 1-2, 310. This record has no stored scholarly English translation; the existence of published translations has not been checked; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Šulgi y23 — Simurrum…

~2072 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianEditorial

TMH NF 1-2, 350

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — TMH NF 1-2, 350. This record has no stored scholarly English translation; the existence of published translations has not been checked; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Šulgi y23 — Simurrum…

Daily Life·Economy

~2069 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianEditorial

CDLI School Texts 004870, ex. 003

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — CDLI School Texts 004870, ex. 003. This record has no stored scholarly English translation; the existence of published translations has not been checked; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Šul…

Writing & Literature·Daily Life

~2069 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianEditorial

NATN 363

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — NATN 363. This record has no stored scholarly English translation; the existence of published translations has not been checked; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Šulgi y26 — Harši destroyed…

~2069 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianEditorial

NYPL 142

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — NYPL 142. This record has no stored scholarly English translation; the existence of published translations has not been checked; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Šulgi y26 — Harši destroyed…

Daily Life·Economy

~2060 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianEditorial

LB 0135

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — LB 0135. This record has no stored scholarly English translation; the existence of published translations has not been checked; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Šulgi y35 — Anšan destroyed b…

~2059 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

AAICAB 1/3, pl. 222, Bod S 180

5 gur 3 ban2 6 sila3 barley, royal (gur)-measure — barley for flour, as an interest-bearing loan; the interest has been added (satisfied). From Adda, Lugal-ištaran received (it). Year following: "Anšan was destroyed." Lugal-ištaran, son of Lugal-lu-[x].

~2058 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianEditorial

CUSAS 39, 208

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — CUSAS 39, 208. This record has no stored scholarly English translation; the existence of published translations has not been checked; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Šulgi y37 — The Amorite…

~2058 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianEditorial

MVN 03, 263

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — MVN 03, 263. This record has no stored scholarly English translation; the existence of published translations has not been checked; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Šulgi y37 — The Amorite w…

~2057 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

NRVN 1, 298

822 bricks, as an interest-bearing loan (ur5-ra), from the bank of the kiln (im-gir4-ra), for delivery to the storehouse (ganun) — Lu-ušku'ga received. Month: "Bricks" (iti sig4-ga), day 12 having passed. Year: "the year after 'the Amorite wall was built'", the year after that. Lu-eškuga, son of Lani.

~2057 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianEditorial

TMH NF 1-2, 085

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — TMH NF 1-2, 085. This record has no stored scholarly English translation; the existence of published translations has not been checked; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Šulgi y38 — Year afte…

~2057 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianEditorial

TMH NF 1-2, 254

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — TMH NF 1-2, 254. This record has no stored scholarly English translation; the existence of published translations has not been checked; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Šulgi y38 — Year afte…

~2056 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianEditorial

Atiqot 4, pl. 26 64

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — Atiqot 4, pl. 26 64. This record has no stored scholarly English translation; the existence of published translations has not been checked; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & Literature·Daily Life

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianEditorial

Umma Livestock and Personnel Account (AnOr 1, 243)

A surviving administrative record of named people and livestock in the Ur III period. Together with other archives, such accounts reveal the work of managing animals, deliveries and institutional responsibility.

Economy·Daily Life

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

AAICAB 1/3, pl. 223, Bod S 182

1(aš) gur barley, royal (measure) — barley of the loan, (for) flour, by the bronze gur (measure), from Ur-lisi, in the name of Lugal-gigire, son of Ur-Ištaran — sealed by Ur-en(na), the carpenter; it is at hand (booked). Month: "Dumuzi", year: "the son of the king ..." [broken] Ur-li, the carpenter, son of Lugal-[...].

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

CM 26, 146

14 gur, 2 ban2, 2 sila3 of barley, royal measure — deficit of barley loaded onto the boat — from Bazi; sealed by Ningirsu-isa; it is to be repaid. Month: 'Mušudu.' Year: Kimaš was destroyed. (Seal legend:) Ningirsu-isa, son of Adda(?), boatman.

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

CUNES 49-02-029

To Ur-Šulpa'e speak: Silver, 2 shekels, of Ur-silaluh, which is present in (his) possession — from it, 1 shekel, to Lu-duga, let it be given. Its silver, [...] [...] let him not neglect (it)/let him not disregard it. Ur-Suen, son of Ur-Utu.

Daily Life·Economy

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

CUNES 51-04-018

1. Ibni-Iškur 2. — u3-na-a-du11 ("speak to him!" / letter-formula: "has been told") 3. [......]-dub-ba (broken; possibly "tablet-" related) 4. [...]-[x]-Gilgamesh (broken; contains the divine/heroic name Gilgamesh) 5. [...]-[x]-Erra (broken; contains the name/element Erra) 6. [......]-x (broken, illegible) 7. x x-za (broken, illegible) 8. 1 KA-x-x-um (a personal name, largely broken) 9. 1 Dingir-sudan (personal name) 10. x-ru-x (broken; "ru" tentatively "given/deposited") 11. son of Bak-x-gi4

Daily Life·Economy

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

CUNES 51-10-056

Turam-ili — speak to him! 2 gur barley, from the sealed storehouse (e2-kišib-ba), to Lu-Turam let it be given. Before Puzur-x, the chief steward, the storehouse was opened. Let their sealed document be impressed (sealed).

Daily Life·Economy

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

CUNES 52-04-082

To Šu-damu — speak! The field, ...... [broken] ...... field ...... [broken] ...... [broken] ...... [broken] There is no remaining ...... that has been set/placed (there). To Zuma, the merchant, (and) Lu-Šalim, let it be given. Let the matter not be reneged upon (let the word not be turned back).

Daily Life·Economy

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

CUNES 52-04-084

To Suen-našir — speak! 2 gur 1 barig of bitumen, removed from the boat, 2 barig(?) ... to the house, [...] ... ... ... [...]-...-... [...] ... ... [...] n mirza-vessels(?) [...] ... fir-wood(?) ... ... hand (it) over! / give (it)!

Daily Life·Economy

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

CUSAS 03, 1510

6 sar of brick clay (im sig4), from Nisaba-andul(-ta), Pušk-in [received/borrowed it]. Per day, 6 [units] each, malt [......] malt [......] year: [......] before [......], before ...-[......], before Šu-[......], before Iškur-bani. They are its witnesses.

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

LB 0244

9 gur 4 barig barley, royal measure, from Lu-Ninšubur, in the name of Lu-DU, he received (it) as its loan. Month: “Festival of carrying barley” (ezem-še-illa). Year: “the throne … [broken] … AN … was …” (year name, broken).

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

PPAC 5, 1646

5 (gur), šuku-allotment, field A-uri; foreman: Ur-Geštinanka. 5 (gur): Ur-Ištaran. The barley of the field — its case is to be investigated. [...] šuku-allotment, from Ur-Geštinanka and Ur-Ištaran: barley of the Ki-sumun field, leased (plow-)land of Abba-kalla, the foreman. Regarding the barley rations — its case is to be investigated.

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianETCSRI

Amar-Suena 2017add

(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful king, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Aya-kala, the governor of Umma, is your servant.

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