Position in chronology
HLC 114 (pl. 096)
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P109991.
Why it matters
Transliteration
x la2 1(disz) sila4 lu2-bi dumu lu2-ga2-tum3-du10 ur-ba-ba6 dumu ti-ni-du szu-gesz? du-du dumu lugal-an-ku3-ge szu-gesz? u2-da-ur4-ra dumu lu5-lu5 lu2 umma ba-pa-tum he2-dab5 du11-ga-ni-zi iti mu-szu-du7 mu i-bi2-suen lugal
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — HLC 114 (pl. 096). No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Ibbi-Suen y1 — Ibbi-Suen became king based on canonical year-name formula in the transliteration.
Attribution
Image: Oriental Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA (P109991) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P109991..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.