Position in chronology
HLC 342 (pl. 048)
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P110213.
Why it matters
Transliteration
1/2(disz) ma-na 3(disz) 1/2(disz) gin2 la2 1(u) sze ku3-babbar lu2-iri-sag 5(disz) gin2 igi-3(disz)-gal2 1(u) 3(disz) sze lu2-dingir-ra dumu lu2-ba-ba6 1/3(disz) 2(disz) 1/2(disz) gin2 la2 1(u) sze sa6-sa6-ga dumu ba-a gir2-su-ta ki igi-zu-bar-ra-ta e2-gal-la ba-an-kux(KWU147) giri3 gu3-de2-a dumu ur-lamma sza3 uri5 iti ezem-dumu-zi mu gu-<za> en-lil2-la2 ba-dim2
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — HLC 342 (pl. 048). No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Ur-Nammu y14 — The throne of Enlil was fashioned based on canonical year-name formula in the transliteration.
Attribution
Image: Oriental Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA (P110213) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P110213..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.