Position in chronology
MDP 17, 279
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P008477.
Why it matters
Transliteration
[...] M066 M096# , 3(N01) M203~c M066 M352~o# M131~d# [...] , [...] [...] , 2(N01)# M388 M315 M263~1 M297 , 2(N01) x x [...] , [...] [...] |M296+M296| M096 , 2(N01) M254# M352~n M218#? [...] , [...] [...] x M371# , 1(N01) M124 M057 M099 M371 , 1(N01) [...] M240# M096 , 3(N01)# x , 3(N01) M311 M314 [...] , [...] [...] , 2(N39B)# 1(N24) M066 [...] M218 M066 , 2(N39B) [...] , 9(N14)# 1(N39B) 1(N24)
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Proto-Elamite (ca. 3100-2900 BC)) — MDP 17, 279. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Louvre Museum, Paris, France (P008477) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P008477..
Related tablets
Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.