Position in chronology
MDP 17, 303
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P008501.
Why it matters
Transliteration
[...] M263 , 3(N01) M387~ef M036# , [...] [...] , 2(N30C) 1(N30C@b) M387 M263 , 1(N01) n(n@b)# [...] , 1(N30C)# 1(N30C@b) x M243~e# , 2(N30C) [...] , 1(N01) M263 , 1(N01) [...] , 1(N30C)# M387~ef M048~d M263 , 1(N01) 1(N30C@b) x , [...] [...] , n x x x , 1(N01)#? M057~b [...] , [...]
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Proto-Elamite (ca. 3100-2900 BC)) — MDP 17, 303. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Louvre Museum, Paris, France (P008501) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P008501..
Related tablets
Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.