Position in chronology
MDP 26S, 4791
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P009228.
Why it matters
Transliteration
M005~a , M305 M388 M009 M004 [...] , [...] [...] , 9(N01) |M036+1(N30D)| , 4(N14) 5(N01)# [...] , 3(N01) |M036+1(N30D)| , 1(N14) 6(N01)# [...] , 1(N14) M228~d M265~1? , 4(N01) |M036+1(N30D)| , [...] M246~b M263 , 1(N01) |M036+1(N30D)| , 4(N01)# [...] , [...] 1(N39B)# 2(N30C)# 1(N30D)#
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Proto-Elamite (ca. 3100-2900 BC)) — MDP 26S, 4791. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Louvre Museum, Paris, France (P009228) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P009228..
Related tablets
Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.