AO 03411

~2270 BCE·Akkadian Empire·P491932

Translation · reference

Experimental

Source: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P491932.

Why it matters

Transliteration

2(asz@c) dug zi3 du8 elam mah#? gir2
dug [x] 1(u@c)
lu2-nin-gir2-su
szu ba-ti
zi-ga
szara2-i3-sa6#

Scholarly note

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Akkadian (ca. 2340-2200 BC)) — AO 03411. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Attribution

Image: Louvre Museum, Paris, France (P491932) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P491932..

Related tablets

Related sources

~3200 BCE

Proto-Cuneiform Account Tablet

One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.

~3500 BCE

Kish Tablet

Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.

~2450 BCE

Stele of the Vultures

The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.