Read Chronology Themes Tablets Engine About

Read
Chronology
Themes
Tablets
Engine
About

Sumerian · Book

Reading the tablets…

A curated narrative reconstruction of humanity's first great civilization, sourced from the tablets themselves. Open scholarship, beautifully accessible.

The site

About the project The engine Dossiers FAQ Methodology Sources & licensing Provenance & ethics Contact & support

Legal

Independent scholarship · No academic affiliation · No institutional funding · Tablet imagery attributed per item via CDLI, ETCSL, ORACC, Wikimedia, and public museum collections.

Home
All tablets

The corpus

All tablets.

Every tablet in the corpus — sortable by date, title or period; filterable by theme and period. Use the controls below or change the URL parameters directly.

Sort

Oldest first Newest first Title (A–Z)By period

Theme

Religion & Myth Law Economy Astronomy & Mathematics Daily Life Writing & Literature

Period

Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemenid Persian

Source

Editorial Sumerian literature Sumerian royal Assyrian royal Assyrian archives

78,640 of 102,257 tablets · 4 filters activeClear filters

4951–5000 of 78640

Page 100 / 1573

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0717

(obverse) [...] 30(?) gur of barley in the Agade (measure), ... gur, 2 [...], 1 barig, 1 ban, 6 sila [...], [...] in [Aga]de, ... [...] ... [...] Total: 91 gur, 2 barig, 3 ban of barley in the Agade (measure), received(?) — Umma. [...] gur of barley in the Agade (measure), [...] Adab. [Total: ...] 21(?) gur, 2 barig(?), [n ... of barley in the Agade measure]. (Break) (reverse) Bizza[za] rec[eived]; in Adab. ... [...]

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0718

(obverse) 10 gur of barley, issue(?) of Nasa-...; 6 (gur): Ašgi-pa'e; 4 shekels of silver — its barley (equivalent): 3 gur — [En]lile, [...]...-ni, the cupbearer. Total: 20 minus 1 (= 19) gur of barley. Ur-Mamu received (it). (reverse) Therefrom: 16 (gur): (the estate) E-GAN-i(?); returned (repaid) into the hand. Deficit: [3 gur 2 barig of barley] — Ur-Mamu.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0726

OBVERSE: 240 (4 × 60) gur of barley, in the standard measure — the boat of En-ane; 240 (4 × 60) gur of barley — the boat of Inima. Total: 480 (8 × 60) gur of barley [in the standard measure], from Dada the steward. (Break) REVERSE: ... Nippur ... it was given to him. Lu-lal, the scribe: the account was made for him. Against Dada the steward it was not deducted (charged).

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0727

1 ban 5 sila of barley for beer, gur(-measure), at the regular-offering (sattukku) rate, for 7 days; 3 ban 7 sila less 10 shekels of barley for bread, 1 ban 2 sila of emmer for bread [...], for 5 days; 1 barig less 3 sila of barley for beer each, for 8 days; 3 ban less 1 1/2 sila of barley for bread each, 6 sila [...], for [n] days. Total: 13(?) [gur, n sila ... of barley]; total: 2 gur less 1 barig, [n x sila of emmer]. (For) the snake-[charmer]. Im(?)-[...] (rest broken).

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0733

3 gur less 1 barig of barley, in the Agade (gur-measure) — Namtur; 3 gur less 1 barig of barley — Ur-[me]; 2 gur 4 barig of barley — Ur-lam; Total: 8 gur 2 barig of barley.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0745

9 less 1 gur of barley — Lugal-igitab; 8 less 3 gur of barley — Lugal-ĝeš: [barley] threshed, of the plowmen, from the fort of Ur-ab. Inima, the scribe, delivered (it); into the house of A-me he filled it. It is the second time.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0751

(Obverse) [5 gur] 3 ban of [barley], 1 ban: hire of the boatman, silver for the purchase of fish; 7 gur 2 barig of barley, 4 ban 5 sila, 1 ban 5 sila: hire of the boat[man] — (at) the New Year. Total: 1 barig 4 ban of barley. (At/for) the Nin-mudu canal. (Reverse) Enlilla, the nu-eš priest, received (it). It is the 7th time.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0752

(obverse) Deficit: 7 minas of bread — (of the) Emah (temple); 15 — (of the) E-GAN-ISH (house); [6] — (of the temple of) Ashgi; 8 2/3 — (of the temple of) Ishkur; 3 — (of the temple of) Inanna. (reverse) Total: 40 minas less 1/3 (mina) of bread. It is the deficit.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0753

(obverse) 2 ban (of barley): Lugal-abba-iri(?), 1 ban: Lu-ašgi, 1 ban: Ur-nigar, 1 ban: Šu-illa [...], ... [...] (two illegible signs), 1 ban: [Lugal]-ka(?), — choice quality (nisqu) — 1 ban 6 sila: the temple administrator (sanga) of Iškur, 1 ban: the boatmen, [...]: Ur-pirigga.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0759

(obverse) 38 gur 3 barig less 2 sila and 10 shekels of [barley], (by the) gur (measure), as regular offerings (sa₂-du₁₁); [...] 2 gur 1 barig of emmer; [...] ... (traces, perhaps 'a'); (reverse) Month: Akiti.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0760

1(?) bread [...] 2 fish [...] 2 [...] beer, (for) the temple administrator of (the god) Ašgi. 1(?) bread, 3 (measures of) bran, 4(?) split (dried) fish, x bundles of [greens], 2 (jars of) beer, (for) the chief cupbearer. Delivery.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0772

(obverse) 2 — ...-tar-..., 2 — Lugal-iti[da], 2 — Ur-[Niluda?], 2 — Akadi, 11 — Lugal-igi. (reverse) [...] 2 (units of) field (GAN2): Ur-Ištaran.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0773

5 gur of barley — Šulgi; 8 gur of barley — the son of Beli-gu; 5 gur 1 barig — the porter(s) (ug-IL); 7 gur 1 barig 1 ban — Ur-e: Ur-e, the son of Beli-gu, received (it).

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0776

(obverse) 17 gur 2 barig of barley, available capital (sag-gal₂), (of) Ur-sag, field of the surveyor (lu₂-eš₂-gid₂, 'rope-stretcher'); 10 gur 1 barig 3 ban of barley, field of the sukkal (minister), under lease (apin-la₂); 20 [gur] of barley. (reverse uninscribed)

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0793

10 gur (and) 1 barig of barley, 2 ban: the fare/hire of the boatman. Ur-dingir-tur [...] the female workers of the household [...] (at) the canal Nin-[mudu]. Enlila, the nueš-priest, received (it).

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0799

(obverse) 3 ban less 1 sila — first quality(?) ... — (for) Lu-dingira; 3 ban(?) — (for) Lu-dingira; 1 ban less 1 sila — (for) Nanna-[...]-zu; 2 ban less 1 sila — (for) Ur-ME; ... first quality(?) ... (reverse uninscribed)

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0800 + 1011

[1 gur, x] of barley — groats — gur (measure), standard (measure), (for) the merchant(s). 1 gur 2 barig: Ur-Ninsun. 1 gur 2 barig: Lugal-kesz. 1 gur [2 barig]: Ur-Ištaran. [1 gur] 2 barig: Di-Utu. [...]: Šu-na. [...]: Lugal-hili. [...]: Lu-lila. [...]: Edin-bi-še. [...]: Sipa-ane. [...]: Šeš-saga. [...]: E-tum(?). [...] ... From/place of [...]

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0806

Obverse 1. 4 gur [3 ban] of barley — (from/for) Agade; 2. barley rations of the servant(s) of the king 3. and the servant(s) of the house of [...]; 4. [n] gur of barley, 5. the king (of?) Ur [...]; Reverse 6. 2 barig [...] 7. ...-dada; 8. issued (by) Bizaza.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0815

1 female slave — 15 shekels of silver: An-tum. For 10 shekels of silver, Al-kalla, by the name of the king, … he transferred (it) to him. Ĝissu was the commissioner for it. 1 shekel of silver — bronze — he weighed out to him. 1: Ur-nigar, the merchant; 1: Nin-mashe; 1: Nin-nam — these are its witnesses.

Law·Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0821

30 gur-mah of barley — loaded into the boat. 20 (gur): Meme; 20 (gur): A'a'a; 2 gur 2 barig: Enšu; 5 gur: barley rations of the female workers; 2 barig: Lu-unu; KU, the goldsmith. Total: 78 (i.e. 80 less 2) gur-mah of barley. Barley expended (from) the treasury storehouse.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0825

(Account of) the merchant: 2 gur 2 barig of barley, 1 ban 5 sila; 5 sila — the ferry-fee (addir) of the boatman. Ur-mes, the suda'um; (at?) the canal Nin-mudu. Enlila, the nueš-priest, received (it).

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0826

2 barig (of barley): the chief ensi (governor). 2 barig: the chief boatman. 2 barig: the chief smith. 2 barig: Ur-kal, the smith. 1 barig: En-šu, the barber. [1 barig]: Diku, herdsman of donkeys. 2 barig: Kašda, the resident. 2 barig: Igi-du. 2 barig: Su-si.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0828

(obverse) 5 gur of barley, 3 ban — 1 ban (as) ferry/transport fee(?) — Lu-sa, the farmer. 2 gur 2 barig of barley, 1 ban 5 sila — 5 sila (as) ferry/transport fee — Bara-nam, the nueš-priest. (reverse) Total: 1 barig of barley. I(d)-nin-mu-du, the nueš-priest of Enlil, received (it).

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0830

To my lord, thus (says) Me-zi: 2 bur'u (= 20 bur) of field — last year Lugal-mu [gave] to him. It was not confirmed. Because he lodged a claim (lit. "set it before the eye"), for the sake of its replacement, if [...] Lugal-mu [...] ... [...] Its barley: 5 gur [...] I shall repay (it).

Daily Life·Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0839

Deficit (outstanding balance) of the chief scribe. [Defi]cit of Ur-Ištaran, the u5-man, (under) the chief scribe. [Defi]cit of the man of the measuring-rope (surveyor). [...] 3 1/2 nindan — work on the outer (bank). [...] work — the deficit. (On) the Eš-pešša canal. It is the 3rd day.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0842

1. 2 gur minus 3 ban 6 sila (of barley) — (for) the gal5-gal official: expended. 2. 2 gur — Meme, the mother of En-anatum: PAP (checked). 3. 1 barig — the man of the e-dam: PAP (checked). 4. 1 gur of barley by the correct (standard) gur — A-tag, 5. the man of the storehouse. 6. 1 gur — the man of the surveying-rope (surveyor): PAP (checked). 7. 1 gur — Lugal-e: PAP (checked). 8. the scribe(?) [...] 9. 3 gur — Maš-šu[...]: expended. 10. 1 barig 2 ban — regular offerings (sa2-du11) [...] 11. the man of the barley of the bala-[duty ...] 12. 3 ban — Dingir-igi-du-mu: expended. 13. Total: 27 gur 2…

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0845

[House] of Lugal-gešu; house of Ur-eš-peš-[ša]; Ur-Ištaran, … […]; Lu-dannam(?), …; […] … long reeds; … … … … (illegible); … … …, the boatman.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0846

Obverse [10] gur of barley, standard (si-sa2) measure: [regular offerings] of the gods, brought to the shrine (esz3-tum2). 2 gur of barley: Sipa-anne, the cook. 1 barig 3 ban 5 sila: the ducks (uz-tur); Ur-zigumma, the scribe; Lugal-magure. 2 ban of dabin flour: Zuzu. Reverse Total: 10 gur 2 (gur) 3 barig 4 ban of barley, 3 ban 5 sila, standard measure, gone out (expended). En-annatum.

Economy·Religion & Myth

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0849

Obverse 3 reed mats, 7 [cubits (long)]; 6 reed mats, 6 cubits (long); 2 reed mats, 5 cubits (long): boat of Iškur-andul. 6 reed mats, 6 cubits (long); 2 reed mats, 5? [cubits (long)]: Reverse cargo boat [of ...]. (rest of reverse uninscribed)

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0850

Obverse(?) 2 ... |UMBIN×LU| (meaning unclear) 4 i-zi 12 [...]-ri 1 zi-ni-tum [...] poplar(s) [...]-am Reverse(?) [...] igi-še ra-a(?) (Total:) 95

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0863

Obverse 1. 5 talents of flax: 2. Kunše; 3. 2: Ursu, the courier; 4. 3: Lugal-ezem, overseer of the potters; 5. 3: Azugal; 6. 5: Lugal-e-maše, the farmer; 7. 10: Nita-x; 8. 2(?): [...]; 9. 3: Gal-[...], the chief farmer; 10. 1(?): [...]. Reverse(?) 11. Total: 37 [talents of] flax, 12. loaded on the boat. 13. 10: ni-x-x; 14. Amur-[...]; 15. 2: Ur-kuš.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0865

Obverse: [2 gur] 1 barig 2 ban 1/2 sila (sila) of dabin-flour, regular offerings; 3 ban minus 2 sila of zi-dabin-flour — for the festival of the orchard. [1] 1/2 sila of bread [...] zi-dabin-flour — (for the) Ne-Ne-gar (festival/month); Igizi (in charge). Reverse: [Total]: 2 gur 1 barig 4 sila of dabin-flour, regular offerings; [total]: 4 ban 4 sila of zi-dabin-flour. Expended by order. [Month: Du]kug.

Economy·Religion & Myth

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0874

Obverse 1. Igibare 2. said: 3. "The troops of the land, 4. beloved of Dingirmah, 5. beloved of Ašgi — 6. to Šar-kali-šarri Reverse (the start is broken) 7. [...] 8. [...] 9. [...] donkey(?) [...] ... [...] gave(?) 10. (I) have no irrigated land. 11. Let him give me some irrigated land!"

Daily Life·Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0878

Obverse 4 bán (of barley): A-a, the carpenter; 4 bán: Bu-ša-ti-e, the potter; (these are) men. 3 bán: A-ra-ne-x; 3 bán: Im-[...]; 3 bán: Zi-[...]; [3 bán]: Na-[...]; [3 bán]: Du-[...]; (these are) wo[men]. Reverse Total: 2 men at 4 bán (each), 5 women at 3 bán (each). Their barley rations: 4 barig less 1 bán. Month: Akiti.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0885 + 1062

Obverse [What] Lugal-gesz says, [say] to Lugal-maszkim: “My messenger — a man killed (him). That matter [...] let it be [...]; to [Ki-babbar], let him transfer (it/him).” (End of text; the reverse contains the closing lines, partly broken.)

Daily Life·Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0890

Obverse 6 [ropes of KAxKID-type] — [......] 3 [......] 6 — [...]-mer 3 — Ilulu(?) 3 — Lugal-im 3 — Lani 3 — Kibad 3 — Ur-GAN2-ISZ (Reverse) 3 — Šu-ilisu Total: 30 ropes (eš2 |KAxKID|) he gave to them.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0892

Obverse [17 (20 minus 3) gur of barley]: [...]-enki and Ur-gal; U-ru, the overseer, brought it. 10 gur of barley: Lu-gu-mu-da; Geme-arsar brought it. Total: 27 (30 minus 3) gur of barley. Reverse ... [...] house of Ka-gula (?) was loaded (?); it was counted as one (lot). [...] ... [...]

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0901

Obverse 3 gur 2 barig 1 ban 5 sila of dabin-flour (for) 69 consumers, (of) Akkade; [...] 1 gur 2 barig of groats (nig2-ar3-ra), (for) 48 consumers; 4 gurdub-containers of beer-bread; 7 gurdub-containers of malt; 2 (units) of fish, for the sa-ZI.ZI (?). Reverse Returned. It is (the account) of the [...] time.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0910

Obverse: 71 gur, 2 barig, 4 ban [...] 2/3 sila of barley, by the gur-measure of Akkade: (the) remainder with Bizaza is on hand in Adab.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0926 + 1076

Obverse 2 gur of barley; 12 gur 1 barig 4 ban of emmer: to the storehouse of the granary it was brought in. Reverse Second time (delivery no. 2). (rest of reverse uninscribed)

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0932

Obverse 1. 2 eše (of field) [the word 'field' is left out by the scribe]: šega-ze2 (barley), 2. for the captain (nu-banda3); 3. 1 barig for the foreman; 4. 3 ban for the work-troop: 5. šega-ze2 (barley). Reverse 6. [...] for the captain; 7. 2 ban for the foreman; 8. 1 ban for [the work-troop]; 9. it is barley [...].

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0933

Obverse: 2 barig of sesame: A'a'a. 1 ban (and) 3(?) sila of 'drinking-stuff' flour: Lugal-tešmu. Reverse: Sesame (and flour) expended; Ur-Emah.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0938

Obverse 1. 3 gur of barley: 2. barley for groats, 3. (for) Mesag. 4. 3 (gur), principal: an exchange made for old barley, 5. (for) Zatum. Reverse 6. 1 barig: Kirbanum, the cook. 7. Total: 6 gur 1 barig of barley, 8. barley brought out of the sealed storehouse. 9. En-annatum.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0941

Obverse [An]si. [4]1 gur, 4 ban, 5 sila of barley: [at the] barber's house, in the residence of the craftsmen. Ansi. Reverse [...] 3(?) gur of emmer: [at the] outer barber's house, in the residence of the [cra]ftsmen. [An]si.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0944

Obverse 1. [6?] gur (big gur) of emmer wheat, 2. emmer of Šu-Eštar, ga-x; 3. 3 barig of emmer: 4. [...] Puzur-Mama, 5. brother of Imarum. Reverse 6. [Grand] total: 6? gur [3 barig] of emmer, big gur, 7. regular offerings of the gods [...]. 8. En[lil], the scribe, 9. [re]ceived (it).

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0947

Obverse 1 ban 2 sila of za-flour (of the) Agade (standard/type); 1 ban 3 sila of gu-flour; [n sila] of groats; 4 sila of arzana-groats: (for) the table of the governor. 5 sila of za-flour: Ur-še, his man, the nu-eš priest. Reverse Total: 1 ban 7 sila of za-flour; [to]tal: 2 ban 5 sila of barley (products). [Ex]pended by Sipa-anne.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

MCS 4, 014 04

(Obverse — top broken) [...] ... [...]-muti, [...]-tebisir; 1 gur 4 barig — ...-ruk...; 1 gur 2 barig — Inzu; 1 gur 4 barig — Baruksir; 2 gur — Atiti; 1 gur 4 barig — Kiti; [n +] 1 gur — ...-imma; [...] ... . (Reverse) [Total: ... n gur] 4 barig 2 ban of barley, by the gur-measure, [...] ...-gar; foreman: Kiti. (Remainder of reverse uninscribed)

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

CT 50, 049

566 sheep, 303 female goats — confirmed on the broad tablet. 135 sheep, 12 lambs: these are sheep of the slaughter-rotation. Sheep at pasture. Year: the expedition-yoke at the drinking-hall was established.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

CUSAS 11, 283

143 gur of barley — its field-area: 1 bur3. Month of Še-sag-kal, day 7. Field of Mu-nu11-mah; [Field of Gada-gar-Ib]-ni-Suen — it is (this).

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

JCS 32, 169 1

Wood(en) ... not ... [...] Wooden [object], [its] face/front, [sign uncertain], ... not (At the) foot / path of the city The path(?) of Utu is made just [...] ...-[broken] A man [...] path(?) [...] to measure [...] vessel(?) Toward its throne dais(?) A man who does not return (what he owes to) a man A man who does not add (what is due) to a man [...] Wood(en) [...] ... [...] Wood(en?) binding [...] The term of office passes ... [...] [...] for its destiny, a judgment is rendered Alas — it was brought out [...]

Law

← Previous

1…99 100 101…1573