Position in chronology
AAICAB 1/2, pl. 099, 1935-568
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P248643.
Transliteration
1(asz) sze gur lugal ur-zi3-dam 1(asz) gur ur-pil3 2(disz) en-ga6-ga6 2(disz) lugal-uszurx(|LAL.TUG2|) 1(asz) me-pa-e3 1(asz) pa3-da sze-ba za3-mu du3-a-ku5-e-ne a-sza3 musz-bi-an-na-ta ki ur-en-lil2-la2-ta iti dumu-zi mu dumu-lugal
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — AAICAB 1/2, pl. 099, 1935-568. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, UK (P248643) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P248643..
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One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.