Position in chronology
CDLJ 2012/1 §5.05
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P416409.
Transliteration
1(disz) gin2 ku3-babbar ki szu-nisaba-ta lu2-dingir-ra szu ba-ti mu lu2-dingir-ra-ke4 kiszib3 nu-tuku-a-sze3 kiszib3 du11-ga-ni-zi ib2-ra iti ezem-an-na mu e2 szara2 ba-du3 du11-ga-ni-zi dumu ur-szakkan2 szusz3#?
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — CDLJ 2012/1 §5.05. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, Massachusetts, USA (P416409) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P416409..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.