CUSAS 03, 0927

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-Sumerian·P322544

About this tablet

This is a routine Ur III hide-and-horn receipt from the administrative center of Garšana, a satellite estate in the Ur III state economy famous for its detailed leather and craft accounts. A leatherworker named Anah-ili, son of Saba, took delivery of a batch of raw hides — sheep, cattle calves, donkeys, and donkey foals — plus some ox horns, from an official named Iškur-illat, for processing into leather goods. Texts like this let historians reconstruct the supply chains that fed Ur III craft workshops, tracking exactly which animal skins moved from herders to tanners and when.

Plain-language summary by the engine — meant as a doorway into the literal translation below.

Written in modern English

A record of raw materials issued to a tannery: 10 sheep hides, 8 hides from young cattle, 2 donkey hides, 15 hides from donkey foals, an unspecified number of hides from another young animal (the line is broken), and some ox horns. Iškur-illat handed these over, and the leatherworker Anah-ili took receipt of them, dated to the month of the Festival of An in the year the great ceremonial barge was built. A closing note identifies the recipient again as Anah-ili the leatherworker, son of Saba.

A modern paraphrase of the literal translation — same content, contemporary voice.

Translation — our engine

Our engine

Medium confidence

10 sheep hides, 8 hides of oxen calves, 2 donkey hides, 15 hides of donkey foals, [n hides of] young [......] (broken), [n] ox horns — from Iškur-illat, Anah-ili received. Month: "Festival of An," year: "The great magur-boat was fashioned." Anah-ili, the leatherworker, son of Saba.

Indicative reading — translated without a photograph. Generated from the transliteration alone, without examining the original. Read it as an accessible first taste, not as a verified catalogue entry.

Our translation engine — Sonnet 5. Reads the photo, translates the cuneiform, and writes a plain-language interpretation. See methodology for limits.

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Transliteration

1(u) kusz udu#
8(disz) kusz amar gu4
2(disz) kusz ansze
1(u) 5(disz) kusz amar ansze
[n kusz] amar#?-[x]
[n] si-gu4
ki iszkur-illat-ta
a-na-ah-i3-li2
szu ba-ti
iti ezem-an-na
mu ma2-gur8-mah [ba]-dim2
an-na-ah-i3-li2 aszgab
dumu sa2-ba

Scholarly note

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — CUSAS 03, 0927. This record has no stored scholarly English translation; the existence of published translations has not been checked; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Attribution

Image: CUNES 48-04-031 (Department of Near Eastern Studies, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA) — from Garšana (mod. uncertain) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (cdli.earth/artifacts, P322544). source
Translation excerpted from engine:claude-sonnet-5 (2026-07-12/v7-evolved).

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