Position in chronology
Fs Lenoble 166, no. 26
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P387649.
Transliteration
7(gesz2) 1(u) 1(asz) 4(barig) 3(ban2) sze gur lugal 5(u) 4(barig) 1(ban2) gig gur kiszib3 ugula kikken2-ke4-ne 2(gesz2) 2(u) la2 4(barig) 2(ban2) sze gur zi-ga didli 3(gesz'u) 3(gesz2) 1(u) 4(asz) 1(barig) 3(ban2) sze gur lugal zi-ga lugal-kam sza3 nibru szunigin 4(gesz'u) [2(gesz2) 4(u) 5(asz) 1(barig) 4(ban2) sze gur] szunigin 5(u) [4(barig) 1(ban2) gig gur] sza3 bala-[a] iti li9-[si4] mu dumu-munus lugal
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — Fs Lenoble 166, no. 26. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: American University of Beirut Archaeological Museum, Beirut, Lebanon (P387649) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P387649..
Related tablets
Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.