Position in chronology
Hermitage 3, 083
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P212065.
Transliteration
4(disz) udu 1(disz) masz2 dam szu-idim 1(disz) sila4 1(disz) gu4 1(u) 2(disz) udu 1(disz) masz2 ba-za-a 1(disz) gu4 5(disz) udu u2 5(disz) masz2 ur-suen 1(disz) gu4 niga 4(disz) udu u2 3(disz) masz2 sukkal-mah 1(disz) gu4 niga 4(disz) udu u2 2(disz) masz2 nir-in-da-gal2 mu-kux(DU) szul-gi-si2-im-tum-ma be-li2-du10 i3-dab5 iti ezem-szul-gi mu us2-sa a-ra2 3(disz)-kam# si-mu-ru-um ba-hul
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — Hermitage 3, 083. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation (P212065) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P212065..
Related tablets
Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.