Position in chronology
HLC 012 (pl. 044)
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P109891.
Transliteration
4(asz) sze gur lugal i3-dub la-za-wi-a-ta! zi3 KA e2 ga2-tum3-du10 ki ur-gigir-ta kiszib3 lu2-nin-gir2-su dumu sza3-ku3-ge iti munu4-gu7 mu us2-sa ma2-dara3-abzu ba-du8 lu2-nin-gir2-su dub-sar dumu sza3-ku3-ge sanga ga2-tum3-du10
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — HLC 012 (pl. 044). No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Oriental Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA (P109891) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P109891..
Related tablets
Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.